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First global links are established in Asia and then spread to other continents.
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China's T'ang Dynasty - the ti pao or 'official newspaper' to disseminate information to the elite.
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868AD - Chinese translation of the Sanskrit text Diamond Sutra, the world's earliest dated book printed on paper in China.
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1150AD - Arabs bring paper from China to Europe.
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1453 - Gutenberg Bible printed
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Appearance of printing, newspapers, telegraph and freedom of the press.
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1791 - First Amendment of the US Constitution provides model for freedom of press. The Observer, Britain’s oldest surviving Sunday newspaper, established.
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1860 - Telegraph is widely used to distribute news accounts of US Civil War. England and India linked by Telegraph.
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1866 - First transatlantic cable becomes operational. Typewriter invented.
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1870 - News agency cartel (Havas/Reuters/Wolff) divides up world market
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1917 - Radio used to announce victory of communist revolution
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Mass propaganda
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1919 - Soviet Russia begins international broadcasting. First transnational US communications conglomerate.
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1927 - BBC founded.
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1933 - Ministry of Propaganda and Enlightenment of the People under Goebells. First ‘Fireside Chats’. Radio Luxembourg, Europe’s first major commercial broadcaster.
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1939 - Paperback books start publishing revolution.
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Nixon-Kennedy debates televised. NASA launches ECHO-I, first telecommunications satellite. In-flight movies introduced on airlines.
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Two World Orders, Two Opposing Ideologies, TV and Satellite
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1973 - First steps towards New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) debate.
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1974 - Opinion polls show that TV overtakes newspapers as prime source of news for most Americans.
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1980 - CNN, world’s first all-news network.
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1996 - CNN becomes part of Time Warner, making it the world’s biggest media corporation.
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1999- World Wide Web used for propaganda during NATO’s war in Kosovo.
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Terrorist attacks in New York and Washington media spectacle. Intelsat privatized. AI-Jazeera becomes internationally known for its coverage from Afghanistan. Videophones used. Shanghai Media Group, China's first media conglomerate, formed. Wikipedia launched
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2002 - Fox News redefines broadcast journalism. MySpace launched. Fahrenheit 9/11 becomes most successful documentary film.
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Too Global?
Two personal additions - 2016 and 2019. -
2005 - Mobile phones exceed fixed lines. Podcasting, YouTube, News Corporation acquires MySpace.
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AI-Jazeera starts international service in English. Inmarsat launches Broadband Global Area Network. Google buys YouTube
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2016 - Fake news dominate media landscape through social media.
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2019 - Conservative Party changes Twitter handle to fact-checking account during live TV debate, creates Lo-Fi YouTube mix, uses Comic Sans and ‘Tory Power Poses’. Labour Party implements videos pointing towards Prime Minister’s inaccuracies, memes, 60 second manifesto explanations and uncover document concerning Conservative manifesto.
