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12,600 BCE
The Bering land bridge
The Bering land bridge was a bridge made out of ice, that people and animals used it to cross from East Asia into North America and from Beringia from Asia in order to find resources to survive. Over time there was a shortage of animals as people relied on a lot on them. After time the Bering land bridge disappeared under water and people were stuck in North America -
1800 BCE
Maya
The Maya's were Indians settled in the Yucatan Peninsula and are most likely the most known of the classical civilizations of Mesoamerica. Maya's are mostly known for their skilled workers since they built temples and pyramids. The Maya's had cities that were connected with roads all around the Yucatan Peninsula. Maya's are mostly known for developing the first writing system. -
Period: 1400 BCE to 16,800 BCE
The beginning of exploration
Beginning to Exploration was an era when things were starting to begin and simply develop. -
1347 BCE
The Black Death
In the 14th century, there was a plague going around in Europe. This plague was a deadly plague that came to Europe from trading with Central Asia and it lasted for a couple of years. The plague started to go around when rats would jump off the ships and enter city from there the files would leave the rats and land on humnas infecting them with the diseseas -
1200 BCE
Aztecs
The Aztecs settled in the valley of Mexico. Aztecs adapted to their environment quickly by building things that would help them fish and hunt. After years of living in the region, the Aztecs began to conquer different tribes by forcing them to pay. Aztecs received a lot of hate because they believed in human sacrifice, at some point the Spanish took over the region by conquering the Aztec by bringing guns, horses and diseases . -
1095 BCE
The Crusades
The Crusades were a military campaign launched by Christian Europeans to win back the Holy Land that was being occupied by the Muslims.The crusades were technically a war between the Christians and the Turks ( Muslims) over who had control of the holy land. In total there were 3 crusades in diffrent times and their effects were that kings got more power, trade connections and there was a spread of Christianity. -
476 BCE
Dark Ages
During the high Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church became organized into a hierarchy with the pope as the head in western Europe. As he established supreme power, the Catholic church became extremely powerful. -
Apr 21, 1236
Battle of San Jacinto
The Battle of San Jacinto was a battle of the Texas Revolution. It was led by general Sam Houston. The army defeated general Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's Mexican army in a fight that lasted only 18 minutes! The casualties were 630 Mexicans killed and 730 taken to prison. Only nine out of ten Texans were killed or wounded. The public and private treaties of Velasco were signed by David G. Burnet and Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna during the Battle of San Jacinto. -
1492
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian exchange was the interchange of plants, animals, disease, and technologies between Europe and the Americas. Explores usually spread and collected new plants, animals, and ideas around the globe as they traveled. The Columbian exchange started around the year 1492 following Columbus's arrival in the Caribbean. This affected many people's lives by circulating a wide cariety of new crops and disease depopulating many cultures. Overall increased the human population -
1500
Triangular Trade
The triangular trade was a trading system for general goods during the 16th - 19th century between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. With the trade, a lot of slaves that were supposed to be traded died because of the diseases that were starting due to the poor conditions. Slaves werent the only thing that was being traded, there was also cotton,tobacco,coffee, and sugar to complete the triangular trade -
1579
George Calvert
George Clavert was an English politician and colonial leader. Clavert managed to be successful by becoming Secretary of State under King James and for being a member of parliament. Clavert was the first person to think about an american colony to hace catholics and protestants. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
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The Chesapeake colonies
The Chesapeake colonies consisted of Maryland and Virginia and they were located in the British America and the Chesapeake Bay. The colonies got wealthy from the cultivation of tobacco. In Maryland and they had large plantations and little urban development. They followed the religion of Puritans, Quakers, and Catholics which made the majority of the population. In the Chesapeake colonies, they had a high rate of death due to all the disease in the colonies. -
John Smith
John Smith was an English soldier, sailor, and author. He is remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America in Jamestown Virginia. John Smith also led the expeditions to explore the New England coast. -
Plymouth Colony
The Plymouth colony was the first settlement in New England. The people that settled here were a group of Puritan Pilgrims, who sailed on the mayflower and settled in Massachusetts. -
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was drafted in 1620 prior to settlement by the Pilgrims at the Plymouth Bay in Massachusett. It declared that the 41 males who signed it agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony. This agreement set the precedent for later documents outlining commonwealth rule. It was the first governing document in the playmouth colony -
Anne Hutchison
Anne was known as one of the early colonist of the Massachusetts and Rhode Island Colonies. Annie joined the congregation of John Cotton but she eventually left due to her different ideas and wish to allow freedom of thought. Hutchinson was arrested and placed in custody she was found guilty of heresy and was condemned. -
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Colonial America to 1763
The time era was a time of very simplistic things, few luxury goods and expansion of commerce. Evolution will begin. -
Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts were a series of English laws that restricted foreign trade to England. The solution was to seal off the English and Scottish markets to these unwated imports. -
John Locke
John Locke was an English philosopher and political theorist. Locke was very important to the writers of the American Declaration of Independence and Constitution. He said that all people had basic rights: the right to life, to own property and to revolt against unjust governments. -
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was best known for being one of the founding fathers of the United States, although he was a statesman and inventor. Franklin helped out with the treaty of Paris and got the French army on the side of the Americans to help tide of the war -
The Great Awakening
The great awakening was a Protestant religious revolt. This revolt swept Protestant Europe and British America in the 1740's and it made a great impact on American Protestantism. -
Jay's Treaty
Jay's Treaty was negotiated by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay and singed between the United States and Great Britain on November 19,1794. It was called 'Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America'. Furthermore, the Treaty angered many in the Democratic Republican Party. But in one problem that resulted was that Jay pressed but could not get Britain to agree to was a cessation of the impressment of soldiers too. -
Seven Year War
The seven-year war was the first worldwide conflict that England, France, and Spain all fought over for territory. The war was started by George Washington in the Fort Duquesne. During the war Britain sent army militias to Ohio territory and also seize parts of Canada. The war was ended with the treaty of Paris in 1763 -
Alexander Hamilton
Founding father and immigrant from the Caribbean’s. Strong influence in government. Hamilton advocated for a strong central government and wanted the U.S to rival Britain. He wanted a class division and catered to the rich as he believed that they were what made the U.S strong. He had a strong influence over George Washington and eventually apart of the Federalist movement. -
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The Revolutionary War
The revolutionary war was a revolutionary era. The war of independence where the British finally surrendered on October 19, 1781. Americans were officially independent of Britain and set to establish their own government. It was a time period for many major acts, taxes, wars and rebllion. -
Upper South
Tobacco was the main crop produced and gathered by slaves. This shift of the slave economy from the upper South was accompanied by a shift of the endslave Affrican population in the lower South and West -
Declaratory Act
The Declaratory Act was a law that stated Parliament had the right to govern and tax colonies. Colonial leaders were mad at this and this was just what they had feared. In addition, the Declaratory Act was the British response to the repeal the Stamp Act. The Act was passed by the British parliament to affirm its power to legislate for the colonies too. -
Townshend Acts
The Act, by Charles Townshend and was passed by the English Parliament shortly after the repeal of the Stamp Act. The Act was a part of British acts passed and relating to the British American colonies in North America. Overall, the Americans were not against the taxes, they wanted to pay the local government where they were represented.These Acts placed a tax on glass, paint, oil, lead, and lead. -
Andrew Jackson
Andrew “Old Hickory” Jackson was an American Soldier who served as president from 1829 to 1837. He was labelled the president for the common man because of his portrayal that he was just like the common person and came up from humble beginnings. In his presidency, He showed his democratic values and care towards preserving the union. But, He also forcibly removed the Indians off their own land and had them all relocated. He well known for his action into maintaining the union and bettering it -
Lower South
The colonies in the lower south mainly focused on slavery and intensive crop cultivation. The value of slaves exceeded the invested value of all the nations railroads, factories and banks -
Boston Massacre
The Boston massacre was the deliberate killing of five colonists by the British soldiers. -
Intolerable Acts
The intolerable acts were implemented by the British Parliment n 1774 as a way to punish Americans for the Boston tea party. For the americans this was the final Straw, a year after the acts were implemented the revolution broke out -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was an act of protest that was done by a group of Americans called the Sons of Liberty, they dressed up as Indians and went to the Boston port to throw imported tea into the harbor. -
Battle of Lexington
The battle of Lexington was the first time the redcoats meet the militias, it is known as the " shot heard around the world" because if being firefight conflict between the two forces. The cause of the battle was the British concern and seizure of military supplies. The british met the militias and greatly overwhelmed them due to the size of the British army comapared to the unorganized militias. -
Battle of Bunker Hill
The British defeated the Americans at the battle of bunker hill. Although it is best known as the Battle Of Bunker Hill, most of the actual fighting took place on Breed's Hill. Resulting in the end of the battle, several pieces of land then fell into the control and property of the British. The significance of the battle however, was that it proved that the civil war would not be easily won -
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New republic
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Period: to
The constitution
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Articles of Confederation
The articles of confederations were the first written constitution of the united states, but the progress was slowed down by fear of central authority and extensive land claims. Once the articles of confederation became official states began to remain sovereign and independent with congress dealing with the last resort over disputes. Congress was given several rights over making laws and treaties, and a new constitution was established at the conventional convention. -
Legislative
Legislative was created by the first article of the constitution, the legislative branch is the branch that makes laws The legislative branch was first put into placement at the constitutional convention along with the judicial branch. all 3 branches were then established by a set of checks and balances. -
Shay's Rebellion
Shay's rebellion was a series of protests during 1786-1787, the rebellion was lead by Daniel Shays ( a revolutionary war veteran & farmer). shay's Rebellion started because the rural population believed the richer merchant population was imposing unfair economic terms on them. Daniel Shays and some of the other soldiers began to protest against unfair terms when they realized that none of them could pay. -
Virginia Plan
The Virginia plan was created for largely populated states, this plan completely abandoned the articles of confederation. With this plan there would be two house legislative (upper House, Senate elected by lower house )Lower House, house of reps, (elected by the people.) With this plan small populates states would end up losing. -
New Jersey Plan
The New Jersey plan would only have modified the plan of the articles of Confederation. It suggested that there should only be one legislature " one state one vote". Legislature would be the supreme law of the land -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was a land agreement of 1787 that created the Northwest Territory and was an act of the Congress under the Articles of Confederation. It was a way to divide and govern the Northwest Territory and described how new states could enter the Union. It enabled the United States to expand into the Great Lakes area. The states created from the Northwest Territory included Illinois, India, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Furthermore, eventually adopted the Constitution. -
Connecticut Plan
The Connecticut Plan, A.K.A the Great Compromise of 1787, was an agreement that large an small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The larger state believed that representation should be based on the contribution each state made to the nation and smaller states believed that the only fair plan was one of equal representation. It was also proposed by Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth, Connecticut's delegates to the Constitutional Convention. -
George Washington
George Washington was the first president of the United States through the years 1789-1797. He is known for leading the Continental Army in victory over the British in the American Revolution. He was also the first president of the United States and helped to define what the role of the president would be going forward. He was essential during this period because helped build and guide the formation of the actual US Government from the words of the Constitution. -
The Second Great Awakening
he second great awakening was a protestant religious revival during the early 19th century. It was extremely important as it led to the establishment of reform movements to address injustices and alleviate suffering such as the Temperance Movement, the Women's suffrage movement and the abolitionist movement. It came a half century after the First Great Awakening and consisted of renewed personal salvation experienced in revival meetings. After 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist. -
Whiskey Rebellion
Revolt against the US government in Pennsylvania. It was started by a tax on whisky, and was the first serious challenge to federal authority. President Washington called out the militia, the rebellion collapsed. -
Sam Houston
Sam Houston was a general, soldier and politician during the Texas revolution. He is most well-known for his victory in the Battle of San Jacinto that secured victory and independent of Texas from Mexico. He goes onto become the third president of the republic of Texas and supported annexation to the United states and even became governor of Texas. His roots lie deep in Texas history -
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney changed history in the southern United States with the invention of the cotton gin. It helped many southern plantation owners become rich off their cotton crops however it also increased the demand for slaves. Since the seeds had to be removed by hand, many plantation owners in the South had stopped growing cotton. The cotton gin could clean more cotton in a few hours than a number of workers could have in a day. The cotton gin's impact on slavery led to the Civil War. -
Antonio Lopez De Santa Anna
General of the Mexican Army during the Texas revolution. His campaign was successful as he clearly wiped through the Texaians easily. His forces were so intimidating that people were running away from news that he was heading closer into Texas. This a changed on the Battle of San Jacinto where he made the mistake to divide his army and take a nap where he was taken by surprised by the Texas army and was taken capture forced to sign the treaty of Velasco ending war and gives Texas independence -
Election of 1796
Election between Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. Although Adams won, Thomas Jefferson received more electoral votes than Pinckney and was elected Vice-President. -
John Adams
John Adams was the 2nd President of the United States. He is most known for being one of the founding fathers and fought for American Independence. He also had strong feelings that colonies were not being treated fairly and should become independent from Britain. Adams first served as Vice president under George Washington. He barely won over Thomas Jefferson in 1797 when Washington stepped down. His one main goal accomplishment was keeping the U.S. out of war with France. -
Iron Plow
The iron plow was invented by Jethro Wood. His invention accelerated development of American agriculture in the antebellum period. The plow was extremely useful in farming as it helped prepare the soil for the growing of plants.Originally, animals were used loosen up the soil. During the development of the plow, Wood corresponded with Thomas Jefferson, who had been working on an improvement to the plow. John Deere gave further improvement to the iron plow after Wood pasted away -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Alien and Sedition Acts was passed on 1798 under.The Alien Act authorized the President to deport any alien considered dangerous while the Sedition Act made it a crime to publish false writing against government. It was also passed by Federalists Congress. The first three acts were about immigration while the fourth act made it illegal to publish bad things about the government. As a result, many people did not like them because they felt that they violated the first amendment. -
Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
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Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson wanted a nation of farmers. The Louisiana Purchase is possible after Napoleon wanted to sell land to fund his army and European conquest. Jefferson purchases the land for 3 cents an acre and doubles the size of the United States. Jefferson assigned Lewis, secretary to Jefferson, and Clark, army officer and map maker, to explore the newly bought territory. The expedition lasts 3 years and great knowledge about the natives, wild life, and geographical land is learned. -
Embargo Act
The embargo act was a law passed by Congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson on December 22, 1807. This law stopped all ships from trading between America and any other country. The goal was to get Britain and France, who were against each other at the time, to stop restricting American trade. The Act caused people to suffer and ended in 1809. It has led an effect on us today by agricultural prices and earnings falling. Shipping-related industries were devastated. -
John C. Calhoun
John C. Calhoun was a candidate for the presidency in the 1824 election since Electoral College elected Calhoun for vice president. He served under John Quincy Adams and continued under Andrew Jackson, who went against Adams in the election of 1828. Calhoun joined with Henry Clay in working out the Compromise Tariff. By then he had resigned form the vice presidency and had been elected a senator from South Carolina. He became secretary of War of 1817 under President James Monroe too. -
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and the United Kingdom. Several events led up to the war against France and the armies of Napoleon. They ad placed trade restrictions on the United States, not wanting them to trade with France. The United Kingdom supported Native American tribes in an effort to prevent the United States from expanding west. The President of the U.S. during the war was James Madison. It has affected us today since the U.S. suffered costly defeats. -
Francis Scott Key
Francis Scott Key was a lawyer and poet but was mostly known after authoring America's national anthem- the Star-Spangled Banner. He witnessed the twenty-five hour bombardment of Fort McHenry from a British troop ship. Furthermore, he had boarded the ship to negotiate the release of an American civilian imprisoned by the British, and had been detained aboard as the bombardment. He wrote a poem about his experience which was soon published and became known as the Star-Spangled Banner. -
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The American Industrial Revolution
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Battle of New Orleans
The final major battle of the War of 1812 was the Battle of New Orleans. It took place in New Orleans on the east bank of the Mississippi River. The British attacked New Orleans hoping to take control of the port city. They were held off and defeated by U.S. forces led by Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson led a small, poorly equipped force to a decisive American victory against British troops in the Battle of New Orleans. The U.S.won and forced the British out of Louisiana. -
John Tyler
John Tyler was the 10th president of the United States. He is most known for being the fist president to sever without being elected to office. He served nearly an entire term of four years after President William Henry Harrison died just 32 days after taking office. When Tyler became president, he did not agree with the Whig party. As a result, he kicked them out of the party and all but one of the cabinet members resigned. They even tried to impeach him saying that he misused his veto power. -
Panic of 1819
There is an Economic boom after the War of 1812. The Second Bank of the United States is made but when prices fell, The banks failed and the economy went down. Inflation was the main issue and not being able to provide currency was the major problem. It led to a nationwide depression where nearly everyone was affected. It caused one of the worst depressions in American history -
Temperance movement
The Temperance Movement was to advocate the abstinence from alcohol. Alcohol consumption was at an all-time high and people drank all day. One reason was men were getting drunk and coming home to beat their wives. This movement drastically reduced alcohol consumption and some states even banned alcohol. -
Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith was an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. The religious group the Mormons was formed by Joseph Smith in New York. However, the Mormons were persecuted wherever they went. But when Joseph Smith was killed by an angry mob in Illinois in 1884, the Mormons decided they needed a new place to live. They choose Utah because there were so few people living there. By the time of his death, he had attracted tens of thousand of followers. -
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Age of Jackson
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Election of 1824
There is no clear picked successor so there were 4 candidates: John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford, and Henry Clay. Jackson would go to win the popular vote but the electoral college would end in a tie between Adams and Jackson. Adams is chosen which angers Jackson and vows for revenge. -
Election of 1882
Andrew Jackson has devised a new strategy to win this election. He is to portray his humble origins to convey he is one with the common man, highlight his military career, and his democratic values. He would be the start of the modern democratic system. One tactic used by each candidate was personal attacks they each went at each other for being womanizers etc. But, Jackson “grassroots” portrayal stuck and fliers and donation for Jackson start the first modern campaign. Jackson wins landslide -
John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams was the 6th president of the United States. He was most known for being the son of Founding Father and 2nd President of the United States. John Adams ran against war hero Andrew Jackson and Congressman Henry Clay. Eventually, Adams won the vote in the House but many people were angry and said he won due to corruption. A few years after being president, Adams was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. He is the only president to be Congressman after being president. -
Slave Code
A set of new southern laws where they limited travel for slaves and defined the property rights of masters. Slaves were outlawed from being able to read or write. None of these Slave codes could be testified in the court as planters usually served as the judge and jury which meant total southern influence and bias in court. -
Shakers
The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing or shakers, is a Christian sector group founded in 18th century England but once it made it over to America, it had quite a small following. Its beliefs included one to be celibate, equality among sexes, no private property, and they did not believe in marriage or procreation. They were a communistic community having complete control over what their followers was retaining and practicing. -
Planters
The Planters were the “high class” of the southern society. Most of them did not own slaves but if they did it’d be from 1-9 slaves. They were the ruling class and wanted to have this lifestyle not changed. -
Yeoman Farmers
small landowners (mostly south) who farmed their own land and usually did not own slaves who were also free from slavery or servitude -
Free Black Communities
There was a Large Population of Free Black Communities located in the North and Midwest. Segregation was still active in the north so discrimination and prejudice was still in effect. They competed for jobs with the incoming immigrants and hostilities rose with additional prejudice due so. -
Mormons
Mormons or The Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints are a religious group related to Christianity started by Joseph Smith. The origins of the religion go to Smith who finds a Golden Tablet that is written in a completely different language that he could only read. From then on, the following Mormonism has gained is great. It starts in the state of New York but he eventually moved the Mormons to the state of Utah. -
Railroads
Railroads were a major factor during the first civil war. The advances in developing the railroad helped to increase safety and efficiency in coal mines since before they were created, coal mining was extremely dangerous. Railroads was essential since it made transportation easier, helped deliver manufactured goods and foods. Cost of products also decreased because of railroads. Population also increased because foods was available in a large variety at a low cost. -
American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS)
The American Anti-Slavery Society is a abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. Frederick Douglas was a key member after being an escaped slave who spoke at meetings. As their name suggests, they were against slavery but slavery was such an economical force in these times that if any stoppage would have major blow to the economy. The group eventually split up into different factions by 1840 such as the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society. -
Nulification Crisis
The Nullification Crisis was a struggle between some states and Andrew Jackson. The states didn't want to pay the protective tariff that Jackson wanted, and states claimed the right to "nullify." This meant that the states didn't have to pay the tariff. It would have meant that the states would have had the authority over the federal government in a basic economic matter like the tariff. The states withdrew their objection to the tariff because of the compromise bill introduced. -
Anti- Abolitionism
Those of the population who were against getting rid of slavery. The growth of abolition provoked a violent reaction. Mobs attacked the homes and business of abolitionists and continued revolt -
Stephen F Austin
Known as the "Father of Texas", and the founder of Texas, he led the second and the most successful colonization of by bringing 300 families from the United States -
Oregon Trial
The Oregon Trail is one the most important events in American History since it was one the main overland migration routes on the North American continent. The trail was branched off from it toward Utah and California. The Organ Trail was laid down by traders and fur trappers and could only be traveled by horseback or on foot. It was used by people in search of gold or land to farm. They were motivated by difficult economic times and diseases since it was in the Midwest around 1837. -
Trail Of Tear
Andrew Jackson created the Indian removal policy that forced Native Americans to move from their homelands in the Southern United States to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. It took several years for the removal of the Native Americans. Around 17,000 Choctaw people were forced to march to Oklahoma. It is estimated at least 3,000 died on the journey. People from the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Musogee, and Seminole tribes were marched at gunpoint across hundreds of miles to reservations -
Popular Sovereignty
Popular Sovereignty proposed that states allow to choose their own paths: Slave or Free? Would slavery be decided as a territory or a state? It is a way of democracy that leaves the power in the people hands and is a group majority based election or decision. -
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West-ward Expansion
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Cultural Changes
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Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was a widely belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America. Special virtues of the American people and their institutions were part of the Manifest Destiny. The Manifest Destiny made the United States grow larger and become much wealthier. It was the idea that God had destined the US to spread out across the continent of North America. This led to the westward migration and helped lead to the expansion of US territory. -
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Sectionalism
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California Gold rush
The California Gold Rush took place between 1848 to 1855. During this time, over 300,000 people rushed to California to find gold. Gold was first discovered in California by James Marshall. Supplies for a miner included a mining pan, a shovel, and a pick for mining. They also needed food and living supplies for survival. Whenever gold was discovered in a new place, miners would move in and make camps. These camps would be called Boomtowns. Eventually, they turned into ghost towns. -
Seneca Fall Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as a convention to discuss rights of woman -
Fugitive Slave Act
The Fugitive Slave Act was passed in 1850. This made it a law that runaway slaves found in free states had to be returned to their owners in the south. It also made it more difficult for the Underground Railroad. Slaves needed to be transported all the way to Canada in order to be safe from being captured again. The law was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave holding interests and northern free-soldiers. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe and it was an anti-slavery novel that tells of the injustice and horrible things that slave have to endure. This book became widely popular and had made people turn against slavery. It is regarded as one of the main causes of the Civil War. It was such an impact that another propaganda book was written in response to it, Aunt Philis’ Cabin. -
Franklin Pierce
Franklin Pierce was the 14th president of the U.S. He is most known for being a handsome young president whose policies helped push the United States into Civil War. The Democratic Party nominated him for president in 1852. He helped reopen the slavery issue with the Kansas-Nebraska Act and supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act which put an end to the Missouri Compromise and allowed new states to decide whether they would permit slavery or not. This angered northerns which resulted in the Civil War. -
Kansas- Nebraska Act
Southerners were afraid of two new free states being admitted into the union and wanted to abolish the Missouri Compromise. They also wanted a transcontinental railroad to run through the south as it would mean power. So, the bill is introduced and the Missouri Compromise and it’s 36 30 latitude line is repealed. Kansas will enter as a slave state and Nebraska as a free state and the act will pass. -
Election of 1860
The election was up between the Democrats: John Breckinridge and John Bell to Republican: Abraham Lincoln. The Democrats at the time were a divided party formed the Constitutional Union Party. While Lincoln, had few political enemies and a moderate approach to slavery. Lincoln wins because of the division in the Democratic Party. Southerners are upset about the win and secession begins. -
Trent Affair
The Confederates sent diplomats to Europe aboard The RMS Trent, a British ship. The USS San Jacinto intercepts them and takes those two confederate diplomats. Britain is outraged and demands an apology. Lincoln ends up releasing the Confederate diplomats and sends U.S diplomats to secure the British and French neutrality -
Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Davis qas best known for leading the Southern United States during the Civil War. He began his military career in 1824 and served in the army until 1835. He also began his political career after spending years working on his plantation. In 1845, he was elected to the US House of Representatives and became well known for his powerful speeches and strong beliefs in states' rights. He served under Zachary Taylor and became famous for his leadership skills in battle during war too. -
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The civil war
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Battle of Shiloh
The Battle of Shiloh was fought between the Union and the Confederacy during the Civil War. It was fought over two days from April 6 to April 7 in 1862. It took place in southwestern Tennessee and was the first major battle to take place in the western theater of war. Ulysses S. Grant and Don Carlos Buell were the Union army leaders. The Battle of Shiloh was the costliest battle in terms of casualties and deaths in history. On April 6, the confederates won the day, but not the battle. -
Conscription Act
The Conscription Act was passed by congress on April 16, 1862 and produced the first wartime draft of U.S. citizens in American history. It was a registration of all males between the ages of 18 and 35 to be drafted into military service and were liable for three year term of service. In addition, it was the first draft in American history. The confederacy was the first to enact mandatory military service therefore a draft was needed since there was poor planning of the confederate government. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation is an executive order from Lincoln that will end slavery besides the border states and show that the war is now about slavery. This is an overall morale boost for the union and this stops Britain from entering the war as they were opposed to slavery and were about to assist the Confederacy. -
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Reconstruction
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Battle of Vicksburg
The Siege of Vicksburg was the final major military action in the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. Vicksburg's loss was in many ways more important to the war. Now, Union forces had complete control of the Mississippi River and had in effect cut the Confederacy in two -
Robert. E. Lee
Robert E. Lee is best known for commanding the Confederate Army of Virginia during the civil War. Lee's first encounter with combat and war took place during the Mexican-American War. He was also promoted to colonel due to his efforts during the war. When the Civil War began in 1861, he was offered command of the Union army by Lincoln. He left the United States army since he thought that he could not fight against his home state and became General of the Confederate Army of Virginia. -
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg is the most important and bloodiest battle. It is the absolute turning point of the ware and lasts three days. On day 1, Confederate troops advance on union position. It is Back and Forth fighting on day 2. But on the third day, The Confederacy made the mistake of charging up the middle and the Union will devastate the charge. The Confederacy loses 1/3 of their army and General Lee will retreat back to the South. -
Gettysburg Address
President Abraham Lincoln was invited to give remarks, which later became known as the Gettysburg Address on the site of one of the bloodiest and most decisive battles of the Civil War. -
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
The Assassination took place at the Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C. by well known actor at the time John Wilkes Booth, who was to be apart of the play at the time. It takes place 5 days after Appomattox Courthouse. He is shot point black in the back of his head in his balcony booth. John Wilkes Booth would escape but to be found 3 weeks later. Lincoln dies the next day -
Freedmen's Bureau
An agency created by the government that helped and protected newly freed african americans find jobs, homes, education and a better lofe -
Black codes
The black codes were laws passed by Democrats in Southern states in 1866 and ended in 1877 due to the reconstruction after the Civil War. -
Southern Military Leadership
Some acts were included to represent military leadership such as the act creating the Freedmen's Bureau, the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and several Reconstruction Acts. The Reconstruction Acts established military rule over Southern states until new governments could be formed. -
Election of 1868
For the election of 1868 the candidates were Ulysses S.Grand and Horatio Seymour. Grant’s campaign was for political moderation and peace, it showed that whites in the north and south are racist. The black vote became very important but blacks were intimidated by violence to keep from voting. That’s when the 15th amendment had to be implemented. -
Enforcement Acts
The Enforcement Acts were three bills passed by the United States Congress They were criminal codes which protected African-Americans' right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws. Though many whites had resisted this -
The Panic of 1873
The panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that started a depression in Europe and North America. The Panic started in 1873 and lasted until 1879 or longer in some countries. This panic was worse than the great deoreasion. -
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th president of the United States. He is most known for being the lead general of the Union troops of Tennessee during the American Civil War.He easily won the election in 1868. He also claimed early victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. After winning major victories at Shiloh and Vicksburg, Grant was promoted by president Lincoln to lead the entire Union Army. He also led the Army of the Potomac into several battles against Confederate General Robert E. Lee. -
Compromise of 1877
The compromise of 1877 settled the election of 1876, troops were removed from Louisiana and South Carolina and concessions for building a southern transcontinental railroad made. -
Spoils System
Thr spoils system was a practice in which a political party gives government jobs to supporters, friends, or relative. Andrew Jackson introduced the spoils system after winning the 1828 presidential election. The spoil system was a policy of removing political opponents. Jackson's political opponents had a very different interpretation of him as they considered his method to be corrupt. The spoils system was criticized for decades,but eventually lef to reforming it was a violent act. -
Jim Crow
Jim crow laws were laws in the south that were based on race. With these laws, they enforced segregation between white people and black people in public places. The laws also made it hard for African Americans to vote, many of these laws were enforced until the Civil rights act of 1964. Soon African- Americans began to protest and fight the Jim Crow Laws in the 1900's. Jim Crow laws were made illegal with a passage of the civil rights act of 1964 and voting rights act of 1965
