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Radical Republicans
Mostly northerners, former Whigs, and many more. They were in favor of anti slavery and wanted emancipation. They wanted Lincoln to focus his efforts on emancipation and not as much on Reconstruction. They split from the Republican party because they felt it they had different goals.
*Lincoln Phase -
Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan
Lincoln’s 10 percent plan stated that states that wanted to rejoin the Union would be pardoned, they would get help to restore their property except for the highest officers of the Confederate army, 10 percent of voters had to pledge allegiance to the Union, and they Southern states had to free the slaves.
*Lincoln Phase -
Period: to
Three Phases of Reconstruction
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Wade - Davis Bill
An alternative to both Lincoln's and the Radical Republicans for letting seceded states back into the union. All adult white males would have to make an oath to the Union, create a new state government, abolish slavery, reject all debts acquired as part of the confederacy and prohibit confederate officials and military officers from holding office and the right to vote for them would be taken away.
*Lincoln Phase -
Black Codes
Laws put in place to keep treating Blacks as slaves after emancipation and the thirteenth amendment. They were modeled after the slave codes that punished slaves for running away or during uprisings. These laws were meant to keep Blacks from ever being at the same social and economic level as Whites.
*Presidential Phase -
13th Amendment
This amendment abolished slavery. The words “slave” or “slavery” were never mentioned but the words “all other persons” refer to the slave population in America.
*Presidential Phase -
Scalawags
A derogatory word used by Southerners to describe other Southerners who supported the Northerners Reconstruction plan. Southerners who were against the plan thought that those for the plan were worthless.\
*Presidential Phase -
Freedmen's Bureau
A part of the War Department. Helped with Reconstruction in the South.They helped clothe and feed southerners with surplus army supplies. Helped prevent mass starvation in the South
*Presidential Phase -
Special Field Order 15
Union General William T. Sherman ordered his troops to cease a strip of land from Charleston, South Carolina to St, John’s River in Florida. They took roughly 400,000 acres and redistributed the land in 40 acre segments to freed slaves.
*Lincoln Phase -
President Lincoln's Death
President Lincoln died April 14, 1865. He was assassinated by actor John Wilkes Booth while watching “Our American Cousin” at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C.
*Lincolns Phase -
Civil Rights Bill of 1866
Granted citizenship to all people born in the U.S. except Native Americans. African Americans could own property, had to be treated equally in court, and people who violated this could be prosecuted
*Presidential Phase -
Ku Klux Klan
Started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1866 by white soldiers to intimidate African Americans from voting to regain white control in the south. They burned African American homes, schools, churches and followed them and also white Republicans to stop them from voting. Their acts were banned but very few actually served prison time
*Presidential Phase -
Great Constitutional Revolution
Carl Schurz was a Republican leader that introduced this phrase. It referred to the amendments and the federal government during the Reconstruction Era.
*Presidential Phase -
Reconstruction Act
These bills outlined the conditions that Southern states could enter the Union. They would need a new constitution, be approved by Congress, and ratify the 14th amendment. The bill was passed in 1867 and states began rejoin the Union in 1868.
*Congressional Phase -
14th Amendment
Granted citizenship and equal rights to African Americans. The states could not deprive anyone from their rights including African Americans.
*Congressional Phase -
Impeachment of President Johnson
President Andrew Johnson was the first president to be impeached. His reconstruction program was not supported by many Republicans because it was too lenient. He was impeached because he violated many policies.
*Congressional Phase -
15th Amendment
Guaranteed that the right to vote would not be denied based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” Women would not be given the right to vote until 1920 but, at the time it let Black men get ahead.
*Congressional Phase -
Sharecropping
Agriculture system of offering land to people and letting them farm the land. Southern farmers liked this system because they did not have to pay people to farm the land, instead they would get a share of the crops. African Americans liked it too because they could live in their own cabins and choose what to plant.
*Congressional Phase -
Enforcement Acts
Four acts meant to protect the African Americans rights granted to them in the 14th and 15th Amendments. The acts gave authority to arrest people who were interfering with the voting process of any African Americans.
*Congressional Acts -
Slaughterhouse Cases
Louisiana granted a monopoly to one corporation over the slaughterhouses. The other slaughterhouses took their case to the Supreme Court and lost because the Supreme Court said that the 14th Amendment did not allow the Federal Government to control the citizens civil rights. It said that the states protect the citizens civil rights and the 14th amendment protects the rights of the Blacks. They also said that the amendment protected all people from state injustices.
*Congressional Phase -
Civil Rights Act of 1875
This act prohibited the discrimination of any Black people in public transportation and other public places like restaurants. It made it illegal to help other discriminate against Blacks. This act was later declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1883.
*Congressional Phase -
Compromise of 1877
The election of 1877. It is not sure if a deal was made during the election because the votes were not clear and it was not clear who had won. The deal was made to end the disputes over the election of 1877.
*Congressional Phase
