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Henick the Alchemist was searching for a way to make gold, while boiling Urine down until he separated the phosphorous element out of the urine.
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Joseph Black discovered CO2/ gasses while searching for a cure for Kidney stones.
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Henry Cavendish discovers Hydrogen
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While working next to a Brewery, Priestley discovered a process of carbonating water. He discovered Club Soda!
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Daniel Rutherford discovers Nitrogen
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While trying to figure out why metals gained weight when they formed rust, Lavoisier discovered then when elements are burned they gain weight which fully contradicted the standing Phlogiston theory of the time.
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Lavoisier takes ideas and inspiration from Priestley's experiments with a mysterious new gas and presents it as oxygen at the 1775 Eastern Meeting of the Academy of Sciences.
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Lavoisier, publishes a text book focused on Oxygen and a new theory for Chemistry. This pushed the old outdated theory out and brought in new understandings about the complexity of the world's elements.
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Alessandro Volta announces the Voltaic pile which can provide sustained power from electricity.
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While running an electric charge through moistened pot ash, potassium was separated from it. After discovering Potassium he decided to continue to use electricity to pry apart elements, through this it theorized that electricity cannot only pry apart but it is what holds molecules together. "Opposite charged elements attract."