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The Pascaline
A famous French mathematician and philosopher named Blaise Pascal, invented a mechanical calculator dubbed Pascaline, which was able to perform addition and subtraction operations as well as multiplication and division through repeated addition and subtraction. -
The Leibniz Wheel
It is a more sophisticated form of the Pascaline and was created in 1673. Gottfreid Leibniz invented what is known as the first authentic four-function calculator. -
The Jacquard loom
The Jacquard loom, created by Joseph-Marie Jacquard, was the first machine with programming and storage that used punched cards to automate textile production. -
The Difference Engine
The Difference Engine, a device that can solve polynomial equations and carry out more difficult arithmetic operations, was created by Charles Babbage. -
The Analytical Engines
Babbage invented the Analytical Engine. Four key parts make up this machine: the reader, printer (the contemporary input and output devices), store (memory), and mill (CPU). In the present day, these parts are found in all computers. -
The Tabulating Machine
American inventor and statistician Herman Hollerith created the tabulating machine, which was a precursor to the modern computer. Data from punched cards is mechanically read, counted, and sorted. -
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The Z1
Using binary floating-point values and Boolean logic, the "Z1" was the world's first freely programmable computer, but it operated unreliably. It was entirely funded by private donations and finished in 1938. During World War II, this computer and all building blueprints were lost in the shelling of Berlin in December 1943. -
The ABC
The first automatic electronic digital computer was the Atanasoff-Berry computer (ABC). The device has remained relatively unknown due to its implementation and limitations imposed by current technology. Because the ABC was neither programmable nor Turing-complete, its priority is up for question among computer technology historians. According to conventional wisdom, the ABC was the first electronic arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which is a component of all contemporary processors. -
The Mark 1
One of the first general-purpose electromechanical computers utilized in the war effort in the latter stages of World War II was the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC), also known as the Harvard Mark I. -
The Colossus
British codebreakers created the Colossus computer system between 1943 and 1945 to aid in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. Colossus carried out counting and Boolean operations using thermionic valves, which are vacuum tubes. Despite being programmed using switches and plugs rather than a stored program, Colossus is considered the first programmable electronic digital computer in history. -
The ENIAC
Completed in 1946, the ENIAC was the first electronic, programmable, general-purpose digital computer. While some of these features were present in other computers, the ENIAC was the first to have them all. Through reprogramming, it was able to answer "a large class of numerical problems" and was Turing-complete. -
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The first generation
The first generation lived from 1950 until 1959. Vacuum tubes served as the fundamental building blocks for the memory and CPU (central processing unit) circuitry in the first generation of computers. Similar to electric bulbs, these tubes generated a lot of heat, and the installations used to fuse regularly. As a result, only major firms could afford them due to their high cost. -
The Mark 4
Everything about the Mark IV was electrical. One of the earliest computers to use magnetic drum technology, the Mark IV featured 200 registers of ferrite magnetic-core memory. In what is now occasionally called the Harvard architecture—a phrase that was not created until the 1970s (in the context of microcontrollers)—it divided the storage of instructions and data. -
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The second generation
The second generation lived from 1959 to 1965. Transistors, which were less expensive, required less power, were smaller, more dependable, and faster than the vacuum tube-based devices of the first generation, were employed in this generation. -
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The third generation
In 1965, the third generation of computers was released. Silicon chips, sometimes referred to as integrated circuits or microchips, were employed in the third generation. Multitasking was made possible by the introduction of faster, smaller, and less expensive computers. -
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The fourth generation
Computers of the fourth generation were produced between 1975 and 1985. The Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI) technology was utilized by these computers. As a result, another name for them was microprocessors. The first business to create a microprocessor was Intel. -
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The fifth generation
The newest and most sophisticated computers are the fifth generation. Programming languages like Python, R, C#, Java, and others are used as input ways by these computers. These computers use ULSI technology and are very reliable.