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At first general Franco lead the african troops inm the south and general Emilio Mola commands the army from the north. Francoists took Badajoz and Mola´s took Gipuzkoa.
Then the nationalists took Toledo, resulting in a simbolic victory.
In November, rebels reached the capital, where the republicans resist with international help -
In september 1936 Franco is appointed as "generalísimo" by the rebel forces. His government was established in Burgos. the 18 november of 1936 Germany and Italy recognised Franco´s Government. In april 1937 a one party state was stablished as the rightist political groups united into one party (FET y de las JONS) In March 1939 Franco´s government was recognised by France and Britain and national Catholicism was established.
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Francisco Largo Caballero formed a coalition government for unifying thye republic, wich had a lack of discipline and army organisation.
The communists were the most divided group:
-The POUM, CNT and FAI. They thoght that the war could be a chance for a revolution.
-The PCE and PSUC joined together and believed that the victory was the main objective. -
The civil war in Spain started mainly because a military coup wich was supported by the conservatives ( the carlist, the falange, regionalist league and the CEDA votants).
The civil war was a result of a double failure:
-The partial failure of the military coup: the army was divided. Also there were armed militias in Madrid and Barcelona.
-The failure of the Republican government: when they tried to distribute weapons, it was too late. -
17: fist in Morocco, by the african army wich is the most prepared
18: Francisco franco arrived and declared a state of war. Part of the south and the north is controled by the rebels.
19: the uprising is defeated in Madrid and Barcelona. Pais vasco, Cataluña and Valencia remain loyal. -
Spain was divided in two zones:
The rebel zone: controled one third of the country and they remained in the hands of the army. The loyal zone: had control of the main industrial centres, Their defense was based in an inexperienced army of volunteers, the militia and the soviet advisors. -
In may 1937 the two communist sides confronted together and Francisco Largo Caballero quited. The president of the republic is now Juan Negrín
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In the North the Gernika bombing helped the nationalists, wich gained Bizcaia, Cantabria and Asturias. This were main industrilised strategic areas.
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Battle of Teruel: Nationalists gain a strategic victorty for advancing to the mediterranen coast and isolate Cataluña.
Battle of the Ebro: it is an all-out campaign lauched by the republican government for reconnecting their territory. It failed and Franco invaded Cataluña. -
A plot within the government in valencia caused its government to fall and the president, Juan Negrín, flees to France.
Nationalists took Madrid on 28 March. -
By March 31, Nationalists controlled all Spanish territory and Republican forces surrender. Franco proclaims victory on 1 April
