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Second Great Awakening-1790s
-Birth of evangelism; Christians were encouraged to convert others to the Christian faith
-Led to African Mehtodist Episcopla church (AME)
-Missionaries moved west to convert Indians
-Beginning of reform movements: temperance, abolition, women's rights -
Period: to
South and Slavery
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Cotton gin invented
-Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin with a southern widow when she complained about the time it took to clean cotton.
-Cotton production immediately increased
--Led to increase in slavery
-Led to southern western movement -
Prosser Conspiracy
-Richmond, Virginia
-Prosser-blacksmith, organized a thousand slaves
-Plot was discovered; 36 were hanged
-He had hoped for support from independent blacks in Haiti
-Led to increasing fear throughout the South -
End of international slave trade
-Part of a compromise to pass the Constitution in 1788
-Slavery was expected to disappear naturally
-South would not support the constitutution without the compromise
-Though international slave trade ended in 1808, smuggling continues.
-Slavery expanded due to natural increase -
Expansion of Cotton
1811-60 million pounds of cottona year were being produced. Most went to England's textile industry
-Cotton quickly depleted the soil
-Encouraged western migration
-Expansion was caused by a desire for land and profit
-Indians were too civilized to be slaves, but were the wrong color; they had to be removed
-Indian Removal Act of 1830 -
Erie Canal construction begins
-Governor Clinton of New York believed construction of the canal would open trade betweenNew York, the Great Lakes area, and Europe -
Missouri Compromise
-Territories within the Louisiana territory began to apply for statehood.
-Missouri wanted to join as a slave state
-Would have upset the balance of power in the Senate
- Compromise: Missour-slave; Maine-free; 36-30 divided future states into slave or free territories
-Inadvertantly created sectionalism, North and South identity -
Antebellum powerpoint
historyteacher.net -
Denmark Vesey Conspiracy
-Charleston, south Carolina
-Free, worked as a seaman and carpenter
-Could read and write
-AME preacher: used Bible to argue against slavery
-80 slaves, including house servants
-35 hanged
-Not all were caught; whites lived with the knowledge these people were among them and might try again -
Erie Canal opens
-Trade and expansion throughout the Great Lakes and the Old Northwest increased rapidly. -
Steam-powered printing press
-The printing press allowed for rapid mass production of newspapers, magazines and pamphlets
-thousands of abolitionsist pamphlets were published and found their way to the South -
Exposition and Protest
-Written anonymously by Jackson's vice president, John C. Calhoun
-Defended a state's right to nullify federal law if the law was harmful to a state -
Tariff of Abominations
-the tariff was supported by Jackson who was running for president, in exchange for industrial support during the election
-the tariff increased the price of goods coming in from England, forcing southerners to buy more expensive American made goods.
-Southerners claimed the tariff was unconstitutional because it faovered new England overthe rest of the country -
Indian Removal Act
-Removal was the result of western expansion: a desire for land and profit, especially as cotton depleted the soil -
Nat Turner Rebellion
-Most successful slave rebellion in U.S. history
-Virginia
-Like Vesey, a preacher
-55 whites killed
-45 executed
-Led to increased restrictions (black codes) -
William Lloyd Garrison publishes Liberator
-Garrison created the Liberator to promote abolition
-Militant and inflamatory
-Outraged southerners
-Southerners believed abolitionists encouraged slave rebellions -
Nullification Crisis
-South Carolina threatened to secede because of the Tariff
-Force Bill authorizes military intervention -
Britain ends slavery in the West Indies
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Reaper invented/Whig party organized
-Reaper increases desire for western land
-Increases production and profit for farmers, who will become dependent on the market for their lively hood
-Bank wars hamper the ability to buy land
-Whig party is organized in opposition to Jackson's policies and supports expansion -
South tightens black codes, burns abolitionist literature
-Illegal to teach a slave to read and write-
-slaves could not leave owners property without a pass
-Not allowed to gather in groups
-Communication and movement were restricted -
Gag rule prevents debates on slavery
-Rule was passed in Congress to prevent debate about slavery -
Trail of Tears
_Cherokee were forcibly removed and relocated to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi.
-16,000 were removed; 4,000 died from harsh winter conditions -
Telegraph
- Immediately sped up the process of communication -News could travel across the country in minutes -Distant events became immediate and closer -Broadened a sense of community and strengthened a sense of nationalsim
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George Fitzhugh: defense of slavery
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Hinton Helper publishes The Impending crisis
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"King Cotton" speech
