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The Early Enlightenment
The nucleus of the Early Enlightenment starts in the 1680s in England, where Isaac Newton published “Principia Mathematica” and John Locke “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”. These 2 works presented scientific, mathematical and philosophical information for the Early Enlightenment era. -
No unified Enlightenment
At the time, there was no unified Enlightenment. The French, Scottish, English, German, Swiss, and American Enlightenment were some of the ones you could hear at the time. There were Individual Enlightenment thinkers who often thought different. Eventually, their disagreements helped to make the Enlightenment a rational questioning and belief in progress through dialogue. -
Enlightened Despotism
It was a form of government in the 18th century in which monarchs pursued legal, social, and educational reforms inspired by the Enlightenment. Some of the most prominent enlightened despots were Frederick II, Peter I, Catherine II, Maria Theresa, Joseph II, and Leopold II. -
The High Enlightenment
The High Enlightenment was an era defined by "a chaos of clear ideas". It was an age in which many french philosophers (as Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Buffon and Denis Diderot) provided a lot of information through their publications. Diderot’s “Encyclopédie” brought together leading authors to produce an ambitious compilation of human knowledge. -
The US Independece
The Declaration of Independence was created by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, where the 13 American colonies agreed to be an independent nation from Great Britain. The colonies wanted independence because the Monarchy had unreasonable taxes. -
The High Enlightenment part. II
It was an age where enlightened people started to lead Revolutions and get rid of past mandatories. It was also a time of religious (and anti-religious) innovation, as many philosophers began to ask for the separation of Church and State. Secret societies, coffeehouses, newspapers and literary salons emerged and flourished. -
The French Revolution
It was a revolution fueled by the fact that the working class was starving and dying of different diseases meanwhile the bourgeoisie enjoyed a luxurious life. It started with the Storming of the Bastille and ended with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. -
Remarkable events of the French Revolution
Some of the remarkable facts of this Revolution is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in which the document proclaimed a new system based on equal opportunity, freedom of speech, popular sovereignty and representative government. "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité" became the national motto. -
The Late Enlightenment
The French Revolution culminated the High Enlightenment vision. Somehow these ideas failed to be understood and inspired both the Haitian war of independence and the radical racial inclusivism of Paraguay’s first post-independence government.