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1543
Nicolaus Copernicus publishes The Heliocentric Theory
starting in the early 1500's Nicolaus became interested in the old Greek beliefs that the earth was the center of the universe. After he studied the stars for over 25 years he came to reason that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun. His theory did not however completely explain why they orbited this way. He also knew his ideas would not be excepted because of religious beliefs so he decided to publish his theory on his death bed. his book is called. The Heavenly Bodies. -
1543
Human anatomy
Andres Vesalius dissected human corpses and published his observations. Made a book, On the Fabric of the Human Body in 1543 and it had detailed drawings of human organs, bones, and muscles. -
Period: 1581 to
Galileo's discoveries
in 1581 Galileo proved Aristotle's theory that a pendulum swings slower as it reaches its resting point wrong. he found that it took the exact same amount of time and the discovery of the pendulum.He also found that falling objects fall at a set rate of predictable acceleration. He built his own telescope and published a set of newsletters called starry messenger. Found that Jupiter had four moons and that the earths moon was rough and uneven. Church threatened him. -
first microscope
invented by an a dutch eyeglass maker named Zacharias Janssen. -
The Scientific Method
Scientific method is a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas. it starts with either a problem or an idea arising from observation. the hypothesis is tested in an experiment or in basis of Data. The last set of the process is to analyze and interpret the data to reach a new conclusion. Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes were the main contributors to the process. -
Johannes Kepler continues Tycho Brahes work
Kepler continued Brahe's work and tried to make sense of his mathematical data. He concluded that there were mathematical laws governing planetary movement and that earth moved in an elliptical motion, not a circle as previously thought. His laws mathematically supported that the planets revolve around the sun. -
Circulatory system understanding
William Harvey publishes, On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals(1628), which showed that the heart acted as a pump to circulate blood. He also describes the function of blood vessels. -
Newton and the laws of gravity.
He discovered that the same force ruled the motions of planets, the pendulum and all matter on earth and in space.He disagreed with Aristotle's idea that one set of physical laws governed earth and another governed the rest of the universe. came up with law of universal gravitation. in 1687 he published Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. The universe is like a giant clock. All parts work together in perfect ways that could only be displayed mathematically. -
Robert Boyle
Boyle challenged Aristotle's idea that the physical world consisted of four main elements- earth, air fire and water. he proposed that matter was made up of smaller primary particles that joined together in different ways. Known for Boyle's law, the law that explains how the volume, temperature, and pressure of gas effect each other. -
Bacteria and red blood cells are obsevered
Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a microscope to observe bacteria in tooth scrapings and saw red blood cells for the first time. found out that grubs, maggots and other alike organisms don't come to life spontaneously but are immature insects. -
Fahrenheit thermometer
Gabriel Fahrenheit showed water freezing at zero degrees Fahrenheit using a mercury thermometer. -
Celsius thermometer
Andres Celsius makes mercury thermometer showing water freezing at zero degrees. -
Smallpox vaccine
Edward Jenner introduces vaccine to prevent smallpox. uses cowpox to produce vaccine. -
oxygen gas is discovered
Joseph Priestley separated one pure gas from air. in 1779 Lavoisier names it oxygen.
