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Period: to
The Russian Revolution
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Reign of Czar Alexander III (1881-1894)
-Anti semitic, Pogrom in Russia (targeting Jews violently)
-Nobles were promoted
-one man rule, one man religion, one man race
*People became unhappy/untrusting with Czar
*Led to revolt of Bolshevik Revolution -
Reign of Czar Nicholas II (1894-1917)
-Ruled an autocracy.
-Wanted to rule the Russian Monarchy
-Russian people struggled economically and agriculturally
-Created an elected legislature, Duma, he wanted a constitutional monarchy
-NIcholas II blamed for loss of WWI
*Disliked for wanting to rule the Russian Monarchy along with ignoring Russian problems, built up the unhappiness with Czar -
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
-Russia and Japan in competition over Northern China territories.
-Japan was more industrialized, they had more ground troops, and a better navy; giving Japan many advantages.
-unrest over social conditions in Russia grew.
*Led to Russian Revolution with unrest of social conditions along with people striking for the Czar to change Russia to a constitutional monarchy. -
Establishment of Duma (1905)
-Created because people were unhappy with Czar Nicholas wanting to rule the Russian Monarchy
*follows Russo-Japanese War and Bloody Sunday
*Done to improve Czar's reputation -
Bloody Sunday
-200,000 workers marched on the Czar's Winter Palace presenting him with a list of complaints and demanding relief from theri working/living conditions.
-March turned violent after police opened fire, killing 100,000 people and injuring 3000.
*Russian people had an uprising and a lessened belief in the government (why he created Duma) -
Russia's Participation in WWI (1914-1918)
-Russia joined WWI as alliance Central Powers where they lost.
*Russian people blamed the Czar for the alliance of WWI and the loss. -
Death of Rasputin (1916)
-Uneducated peasant, exorcist, healer, mystic
-He helped heal Alexandra, the Czar's wife, son of his hemophilia. The boy was the only heir to the throne.
-Russian People turned against Rasputin after rumors spread that he convinced the Czar's wife to replace ministers with incompetent friends of Rasputin
-Was later killed by being thrown in a river
*Heavily disliked by nobles -
Abdication of Czar Nicholas II/Establishment of Provisional Gov't
-Newspaper sent around bashing the Czar and promoting Lenin's ideas.
-Czar stepped down and the provisional gov't was put in.
-Provisional Gov't was unpopular after refusing to end Russia's involvement in WWI or to promote reforms like redistributing land.
*It was overthrown by Bolsheviks, leading to Bolshevik Revolution -
Bolshevik Revolution (1917-1920)
-Bolsheviks gain control of Russian Gov't
-Redistribute farmland to peasants; turn factories over to workers
-Ended involvement in WWI
-Cheka created, Secret police that targeted enemies of the Bolsheviks
*Many people died throughout Revolution -
Civil War (1918-1920)
-Foreign countries involved in war
-Red Army-Bolsheviks, led by Leon Trotsky against White Army
*Russia had a loss in their food supply nand 3 million died. -
Establishment of USSR (1922)
-Self-governing republics discourage nationalism
-Communist (former Bolshevik) Party holds all the power, not true communism
-Soviet Union will exist until 1991
*Gives all power to Stalin and his Communist Party -
Stalin's Rise to Power (1922-1927)
-Manipulates his way into power despite Lenin’s concerns
-By 1928, Stalin is in total command of Communist Party
-Has Trotsky exiled in 1929, later killed in Mexico
*Stalin later becomes dictator of the Soviet Union -
Lenin's Death (1924)
-Died of a stroke
-Leon Trotsky (Red Army Commander) vs. Joseph Stalin
*Sets up competition over his replacement and future conflict -
Leon Trotsky's Exile (1929)
-Exiled by Joseph Stalin because of Stalin's insecurity of him
-Later killed while exiled in Mexico
*Gives total command of Communist Party to Stalin
