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Ludwig van Beethoven
He was one of the founders of the romantic movement in music, that his works influenced most of the romantic composers and that they constituted the models before which nineteenth-century romanticism calibrated its achievements and failures. -
Revolutionary reaction against the Enlightenment
Romanticism, fueled by the French Revolution, was a reaction to the scientific rationalism and classicism of the Age of Enlightenment. -
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Absolute monarchies
It was a characteristic political regime of the transition stage between the Middle Ages and the Modern Age in Western Europe. Specifically, it takes place between the 19th and 20th centuries. -
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Victor Hugo
The greatest exponent of French Romanticism, Victor Hugo signed enormous works such as 'Les Miserables' and predicted a future unity of Europe. Victor Hugo was a French Romantic novelist, poet, and playwright, as well as an intellectual engaged in 19th-century French politics. -
Holy Alliance
Holy Alliance (1815) Agreement signed at the Congress of Vienna by the crowned heads of Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Its purpose was to re-establish the principle of hereditary rule and to suppress democratic and nationalist movements, which sprung up in the wake of the French Revolution. -
Emergence of French realism
The Realist movement began in the mid-19th century as a reaction to Romanticism and History painting. In favor of depictions of 'real' life, the Realist painters used common laborers, and ordinary people in ordinary surroundings engaged in real activities as subjects for their works. -
Les Miserables
Les Miserables is a novel by the French poet and writer Victor Hugo published in 1862, considered one of the most important works of the 19th century. -
Vals
Composed to be danced at a slow rhythm (¾ time signature of the romantic waltz)