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Marcus Garvey
Marcus founded the United Negro Improvement Association in 1914, which promoted resettlements of blacks in Africa. The UNIA also sponsored stores and other businesses to keep blacks' dollars in black pockets. The UNIA thrived when Marcus moved to Harlem in 1916. -
The Red Scare
The Red Scare was the the fear of a communist Government coming into the United States. Palmer Raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti Case were part of his. -
Volstead Act
Officially the Volstead Act is the National Prohibition Act. It was enacted to carry out the intent of the 18th Amendment which established prohibition in the U.S. The three purposes of the act are to prohibit intoxicating beverages, regulate the manufacturing, sale or transport of intoxicating beverages, and to ensure an ample supply of alcohol and promote its use in scientific research and in the development of fuel, dye and other lawful industries and practices, such as religious rituals. -
Prohibition
Manufacturing, sales and transportation of liquor was made illegal. This cause many average citizens to break the law in drinking alcohol. Many gangsters became very rich because of the illegal trade of alcohol during this time period. It later became the only amendment to be repealed by the U.S. government. -
Al Capone
The best known American gangster, occupied a leading role in illegal activities in and around the Chicago area, was a murderous alcohol distributer that brought in millions, gangsters moved to illicit activities like narcotics, prostitution, gambling, kidnapping for ransom. Was jailed in Alcatraz -
KKK/ Birth of a Nation
The Klan started in the 1800s but then re-emerged in the 1920s after the first World War. The Klan was anti-foreign, anti-catholic, anti-black, anti-jewish, anti-pacifist, anti-communist, anti-internationalist, anti-evolutionist, anti-bootlegger, anti-gambling, anti-adultery, and anti-birth control. However it was was pro anglo-saxon, and they demonstrated their beliefs in one of the first movies A Birth of a Nation. -
Palmer Raids
10,000 suspected communists and anarchists were arrested, they were all held without trial for a long time. The vast majority were released but 247 other people were deported to Russia. On January 2nd, 1920 there was another raid which cause 6,000 arrested. there were many of these raids. -
Jazz Age
Jazz music became extremely popular in the 1920s. Jazz played a significant part in wider cultural changes during the period, and its influence on pop culture continued long afterwards. -
Sacco and Venzetti Case
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti. The pair were convicted of murder of a Massachusetts paymaster and guard in 1921. The men were given trial but the judges were prejudice because they were Italians, Atheists, Anarchists, and Draft Dodgers. Despite Criticism from all around the world, the men were electrocuted in 1927 -
Washington Naval Conference
All invitations went to the major naval powers. Secretary Hughes drew up a plan for declaring a 10 year hiatus on construction of battleships. Also Proposed that the Navies of America and Britain were of equal size. The Five-Power, Four-Power, and the Nine Power Treaties were constructed here. -
Election of Harding
Warren G. Harding was inaugurated in 1921 and he was very against “hurting peoples feelings”. His Sec. of State was Charles Evans Hughes, Andrew Mellon was a multimillionaire and was the Sec. of the Treasury, Herbert Hoover was the Sec. of Commerce. -
Charlie Chaplin
He was a famous actor in silent films when films were first starting to become popular in the U.S. His first national film was in 1921 and it was called The Kid. He represents the growing popularity in films in Hollywood. -
Five Naval Treaty
It said that the British and the Americans could no longer hold onto their Far East possessions, which included the Philippines for the Americans. -
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
Was to limit Europeans from flooding American markets with cheap goods after the war. They did this by raising the tariff from 27% to 35%. -
Sigmund Frued
His writings justified new sexual frankness by arguing that sexual repression was responsible for a variety of nervous and emotional ills. This theory and others affected the way that many people thought during this time period. -
Adkins vs. Children's Hospital
Under the 19th Amendment, women no longer were deserving of special protection at their workplace and that a United States Supreme Court opinion holding that federal minimum wage legislation for women was an unconstitutional infringement of liberty of contract. -
Duke Ellington
Duke started his big band in 1923. He was a composer, pianist and leader of his big band. Ellington wrote over 1,000 compositions in his career. He became a major figure in the history of Jazz. -
Teapot Dome Scandal
It was a bribery incident that occurred in the U.S. during the administration of president Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall was convicted of accepting bribes from California oil companies. -
Dawes Plan
Germany had a huge war debt and no real way to pay it. So Charles Dawes devised the Dawes Plan which scheduled that Germany receive loans from the U.S. in order to pay their debt to France and Great Britain. -
Bonus Army
In 1924, Congress granted a bonus to all WW1 army veterans. $1.25 for every day spent in service overseas and $1.00 for every day in service in America. They were not being paid when they wanted to be and riots ensued when Hoover called in the army to get the group of men out of Washington. -
Election of Coolidge
Democrats chose John W. Davis to compete with Calvin Coolidge from the Republican Party and La Follette. Calvin Coolidge ended up winning the election of 1924. La Follette was part of the new liberal Progressive Party. -
Emergency Quota Act of 1924
An Act that limited the quota of immigrants to America to 3% per ethnic group of the total population of that ethnic group in the 1910 census. -
Immigration Act of 1924
It reduced the immigration percentage to 2% from 3% like it was in the Emergency Quota Act of 1924 but instead of using the 1910 census they used the 1890 census. -
The Great Gatsby
Published in 1925. Post WWI, writers had new life, imaginativeness, and artistic qualities. Was symbolic about America as a whole, and the destruction of the American Dream. -
Flappers
A new kind of women emerged in the 1920s and they were called flappers. They were typically young women who rolled their stockings, taped their breasts flat, and roughed their cheeks. They also even began to wear one-piece bathing suits in public. They were the embodiment of the new sex appeal in America. -
Harlem Renaissance
It was a cultural movement known as the “New Negro Movement”. It centered in Harlem which is in New York and was named after the 1925 anthology by Alaine Locke. It was mostly a literary and artistic event. -
Scopes Trial
John T. Scopes from Tennessee was indicted on the charge of teaching evolution at his school. It was nicknamed the monkey trial. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100, but the verdict was overturned on a technicality.William Jennings Bryan argued for the prosecution, while Clarence Darrow was the defense attorney for Scopes. -
The Lost Generation
A new generation of writers emerged with a new life, imaginativeness, and artistic quality. F. Scott Fitzgerald (wrote The Side of Paris and The Great Gatsby) and Ernest Hemingway (wrote The Sun Also Rises). Hemingway was very disillusioned by the horrors of WWI. -
Gertrude Ederle
She became the first woman to swim across the English Channel. She competed in the 1924 Olympics and her team received three gold medals. After that she competed in the Olympics she began training to swim across the English channel which is 21 miles long. -
Model-T
It was the first car for the common person. The automobile industry exploded because of it. The automobile industry caused a huge cultural and economic change in the U.S. It was one of the first mass-produced cars. -
Charles Lindbergh
He was the first man to fly across the atlantic alone nonstop. His son was also kidnapped for ransom and murdered. Because of this in 1932 Congress passed the Lindbergh Law making interstate abduction in certain cases a death penalty offense. -
Four Power Treaty
It was between Britain, Japan, France, and the United States and replaced the Anglo-Japanese Treaty that was 20 years old. It kept status quo in the Pacific. -
Kellog-Briand Peace Pact
Frank B. Kellogg, Coolidge’s Secretary of State signed a pact with the French minister that outlawed war. The American citizens demanded it and they signed a petition that had up to 2 million signatures. -
Election of Hoover
Herbert Hoover was nominated as the Republican candidate and he was to run against Al Smith who was the democratic nomination. Both were regarded as outstanding leaders quite apart from the office of president. Hoover won in a landslide, 444 electoral votes to 87 for Smith. -
The Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Started out as a mild tariff before 1,000 amendments were added to it. It brought the U.S. tariff to the highest protective level in years. President Hoover desired a limited upward revision of tariff rates with general increases on farm products and adjustment of a few industrial rates. -
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
It was designed to provide indirect economic relief by helping out insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and state and local governments by giving them loans. -
Hoover-Stimson Doctrine
The Stimson Doctrine stated that the U.S. would not recognize any territorial acquisitions achieved by force. This was regarding the Japanese seizure of the Chinese Manchuria which the U.S. would not recognize.
