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476
The Fall of Rome
Start of the Medieval Era. -
Period: 476 to 1435
Medieval Era
Music during this time was either Cosmic or Divine. -
Period: 715 to 731
Pope Gregory
He reorganized and cataloged chants during this time. -
800
Polyphony
Start of the Romanesque Era. -
Period: 850 to 1150
Romanesque Era
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Period: 991 to 1033
Guido d'Arezzo
Guido created the staff, but not the same one we use today. His staff had 4 lines instead of 5, with a red line indicating F and a yellow line indicating C. -
1000
Organum
Plainchant melody with an added melody. Used a lot of parallel 4ths and 5ths because 3rds were considered evil. -
Period: 1098 to 1179
Hildegard von Bingen
Hildegard was the abbess of the Rupertsberg convent in Germany, as well as the founder. She is well-known for her prophesies and revelations. Her music is not Gregorian Chant. -
Period: 1150 to 1201
Leonin
He was the first polyphonic composer. He was affiliated with the School of Notre Dame. -
Period: 1155 to 1207
Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
He served in the court in Montferrat. He wrote 35 poems, 7 of them with music. -
Period: 1291 to 1361
Philippe de Vitry
The first composer of the Ars Nova. -
Period: 1300 to 1350
The Ars Nova
Translates to "new art". Motets during this time contained rhythmic polyphony. Because the rhythms were complex, they weren't used for long, but were brought back in the 20th century. -
Period: 1300 to 1377
Guillaume de Machaut
The most famous poet and composer during this time with more than 20 extant motets. -
Period: 1325 to 1397
Francesco Landini
A blind composer, poet, theorist, and organist. He was the most famous Italian composer of the 14th century. -
1340
The Bubonic Plague
Killed over 75 million people. -
Period: 1390 to 1453
John Dunstable
He was influential to the European musical style. His works weren't published until 1953. -
Period: 1397 to 1474
Guillaume Dufay
The first Renaissance composer. -
Period: 1430 to
Renaissance
meaning "rebirth". Focus shifted from religion and God to nature and humans. Music started to have more than 4 parts. Acapella singing was very common. -
Period: 1435 to 1511
Johannes Tinctoris
A theorist and composer who wrote the first musical term dictionary. -
Period: 1450 to 1521
Josquin des Prez
He was the provost at Notre Dame in 1504. People tried to steal his music to make it their own because it was so popular. -
Period: 1452 to 1519
Leonardo da Vinci
One of the most famous painters during the Renaissance. Honestly of all time. -
Period: 1504 to 1511
Ottaviano Petrucci
Published 11 volumes of frottola between 1504 and 1511 -
Period: 1507 to 1568
Jacques Arcadelt
One of the earliest Italian Madrigal composers, composing over 250 Madrigals. -
1517
The Reformation
Led by Martin Luther. -
Period: 1521 to
Philipp de Monte
Wrote 1073 Madrigals, which is the most written. -
Period: 1525 to
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
The most famous composer of the Renaissance. He continued using polyphony, against popular belief. -
Period: 1542 to
William Byrd
He was a Roman Catholic who was harassed for his religion, due to the fact he lived in Protestant England. -
Period: 1557 to
Giovanni Gabrieli
The leading late Renaissance composer of polychoral and instrumental ensemble music. He was the first to indicate dynamics and instruments in his music. -
Period: 1564 to
William Shakespeare
One of the most famous poets and playwrights, ever. Early Baroque. -
Period: 1567 to
Claudio Montiverdi
Wrote 9 Madrigal books and many operas during the Baroque Era.