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The Tariff of 1824
The tariff of 1824 was the second tariff in the 19th century. The tariff was designed to protect the American industry and American made products. The tariff caused an intense reaction from the South and West who opposed this tariff who mainly relied on imported goods. -
The Tariff of 1828
The tariff of 1828 also known as the tariff of abominations, was passed by congress in attempt to protect Northern and Western agriculture. The tariff had a very negative effect on the South and was heavily opposed there. John C. Calhoun, Jackson's vice president, was extremely against this tariff. -
The South Carolina Exposition
The South Carolina Exposition was anonymously written by John C. Calhoun as a response to the tariff of abominations. The South believed that the tariff discriminated against them and South Carolina even threatened secession. -
Tariff of 1832
The tariff of 1832 was enacted to try to relieve the conflict created by the tariff of 1832. The tax removed the worst abominations of 1832, but it did not meet the demands of the South. Unionists opposed the idea of South Carolina nullification and were able to pass this tariff, but it had little effect on settling the southern discontent. -
South Carolina Nullification
On November 24th, 1832, South Carolina legislature adopted the Ordinance of Nullification which declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 as unenforceable and unconstitutional. The South Carolina legislature was motivated by the negative effects of the tariffs on the South and the governments lack of protection for the South. -
Jackson's Proclamation Against Nullification
Jackson wrote a response to South Carolina that disputed a states right to nullify a law. The proclamation was motivated by South Carolina's intent of nullification and anger towards the union. -
Hayne's Counter Proclamation
Robert Hayne was the South Carolina governor at this time. He replied to Jackson's proclamation by saying it was the states right to nullify laws they deem unconstitutional. -
Clay's Compromise
Henry Clay made a compromise to reduce the tariff of 1832 to just 10 percent for a period of 8 years. The compromise barely passed congress with bitter debate. Clay was a supporter of tariffs, but was bitter foe of Jackson so desired to not see his enemy win. -
Force Bill
Congress passed the force bill which allowed Jackson to to use the army and navy to collect federal funds if necessary. The force bill was a last ditch effort by Jackson and his supporters to oppose South Carolina's nullification. -
South Carolina's Repeal of Nullification
The South Carolina convention reconvened and repealed its tariff Nullification Ordinance on March 11, 1833. The nullification was repealed after Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun worked out a compromise to avoid violence.
