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Period: 1300 to 1527
Renaissance
Period where humanism was the heart. Erasmus and Machiavelli contributed significantly in this kind of thought. Some famous artist were Michelangelo, Donatello and Leonardo Da Vinci. All this people left an important mark of the whole history. Important artworks made were La Gioconda, also known as ``Monalisa´´, or The Last Supper. Started in Italy. -
1420
Florence Catedral's Dome, by Brunelleschi
A masterpice of art designed by Fillipo Brunelleschi, an Italian arquitect that made the largest mansory vault. It is known as ``Santa Maria del Fiore´´, and on top of it is the dome. Brunelleschi used a herringbone pattern so the bricks self-reinforced themselves. This way, the bricks wouldn't fall as the wall became more inclined. -
1498
Pietá, by Michelangelo Bounarroti
This sculpture was made by Michelangelo, the same person that painted ``the Creation of Adam´´ as well as sculpter ``David´´. We can see Holy Mary hold the corpse of Jesuscrist, her son, on her arms. The name of the sculpture means ``mercy´´, which is the point of it. It shows that Jesus was shown no mercy in the moment of his death, leaving her mother to cry his death. -
1509
The School of Athens, by Raphael Sanzio
This painting was made by Raphael Sanzio. In it, a lot of mathematicians, philosophers and scientists can be seen. Most of this people come from diferent times. For example, we can see Aristotle in the middle of the painting, right by the side of Plato, also we can see Pythagoras on the bottom left, holding a book. It represents human wisdom, this is by showing all this people learn and teach from each other. -
Period: Apr 16, 1520 to Oct 25, 1521
The Revolt of the Comuneros in Castilla
The Castile people were overwelmed by the financial demands, and little care from the king to the people. So led by people like Juan de Padilla, they wanted to limit the king's power and put the Cortes in charge. At first, they succeeded, but with the time they were took down by the royal forces, all this by the Battle of Villalar. Very imporant leaders were killed and the whole rebellion was crushed. Even though the rebellion lost, this left an imporant mark in Spain's history. -
Period: 1568 to
The Eighty Years War
War of the Spanish against the Netherlands, who were seeking independence from Spain. Spain, being mostly Catholic, didn't let the Netherlands be free, they we mostly protestant. But some of Spain enemy's joined, England and France. So with the time, Spain was forced to sign the Treaty of Westphalia, with this they accepted that the Dutch Provices were independant from them. -
Period: 1568 to 1571
The Rebellion of the Alpujarras
Battle between Spain and the moriscos, the muslims that who were forced to transform into Christianity. The battle started because of the taxes and the extreme force used by the police. The moriscos attacked on some Spanish settlements, and Spain responded attacking way stronger than them. With this, they tried even more to expel them from Spain. At the end, they expelled all the moriscos from Spain. -
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada, By England
A very importatnt battle between Spain and England, between the Catholics and the Protestants. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, England was under a Protestant ideology, which the kind of Spain, Philip II, saw as a threat to the Catholics. Part of reason to the Spanish being defeated, is because of the bad weather, leading them exactly to a sure death. -
Period: to
Baroque Art
Very important period of art where the political absolutism and counter-reformation happened. It had a big influence like Spain and France, because of the dramatism, leaving a great mark in the history of this countries. Some important artists from this period were Diego velazquez, Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Pedro Pablo Rubens. Some imporant artworks were ``Las Meninas´´, ``Apollo and Daphne´´ and ``Medusa's Head´´. -
Apollo and Daphne, by Bernini
Greek myth. Apollo makes fun of Eros, which is like Cupid. So Eros decides to teach him a leasson. Eros shoots Apollo with a golden arrow, which makes him fall in love with Daphne, a nymph. But Eros shot Daphne with a lead arrow, which made Daphne feel repulsion to Apollo, even though he is in love with her. -
Saint Peter's square project, by Bernini
While being part of Saint Peter's basilica, the size of this square is huge, this is because of its forty-four thousand square meters. It was built as an honorific tribute to the head of the apostles, Saint Peter, also kown for being considered the first pope in history. Bernini said that the form was in order to embrace the people. -
The Spinners, by Velázquez
This painting represents the myth of Arachne. In this myth, a woman was a great weaver. With this, Athena, the goddess of wisdom and weaver got offended, because she was better than her. Athena chanllenged the woman to a contest, where it was so god the felt humilliated. Because of this, she transformed the woman into a spider and condemning her to weave till the end of times. -
Period: to
Neoclassical art
Art period inspired by the classical structures of the Roman and Greek from the ancient times. They tried to copy and embrace their logic and reason. Some imporant artists from this period were Jacques-Louis David and Jean Dominique. Some important artworks were Oath of the Horatii and The Death of Socrates. -
Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David
This neoclassical piece of art, represents three brothers swearing oath while their father, sisters and mother are watching, they swore to protect Rome to any means necessary, including the fate of death. The father is holding swords. The painting is bound to represent the classical idealisation of ancient Rome. -
Carlos IV of Spain and his family, by Francisco de Goya
In the painting we can see the vast royal family of Carlos the IV. Most of the kids in the painting were imporant people in the future, such as Fernando VII, a future king of Spain, who's reign marked Spain's history. Later on, he was forced to abdicate, because of Napoleon. Painted by Goya, an artist who had a bad reputation with Fernando VII, a king.