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Period: 1400 to
Renaissance
Is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity . Associated with great social change in most fields and disciplines, including art, architecture... The Renaissance period started during the crisis of the Late Middle Ages and conventionally ends by the 1600s with the waning of humanism, and the advents of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, and in art the Baroque. period -
1420
Florence cathedral´s dome, by Brunelleschi.
Formally the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower. Is the cathedral of the Catholic Archdiocese of Florence. Commenced in 1296 in the Gothic style to a design of Arnolfo di Cambio and structurally completed by 1436 with the dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi. Santa Maria del Fiore was built on the site of Florence's second cathedral dedicated to Saint Reparata. It is one of the most significant architectural archievment of the entire renaissance. It's one of the largest churches in Italy. -
1493
Pierá, by Michelangela Buonarroti
The pietá that mean"our lady of pity" is a sculpture of Jesús and Mary representing the "Sixth sorrow" of the Virgin Mary, in vatican city. Its a key work of Italian Renaissance sculpture and often taken as the start of the high Renaissance. The sculpture captures the moment when Jesús was taken down from the cross, he is given to his mother Mary. The aesthetic interpretation of the Pietá is balances early forms of naturalismo with the Renaissance ideals of classical beauty. It is an altarpiece. -
1509
The school of Athens, by Brunelleschi
It´s a fresco by the Italian Renaissance artist, Raphael Sanzio. It was painted between 1509 and 1511 as part of a commission by Pope Julius II to decorate the rooms. The fresco depicts a congregation of ancient philosophers, mathematicians, and scientists, with Plato and Aristotle featured in the center. The painting is notable for its use of accurate perspective projection, a defining characteristic of Renaissance art, which Raphael learned from Leonardo da Vinci. it is a perfect masterpiece. -
Period: 1520 to 1521
The revolt of the comuneros in Castilla
Was an uprising by citizens of Castile against the rule of Charles I and his administration between 1520 and 1521. The revolt occurred in the wake of political instability in the Crown of Castile after the death of Queen Isabella I in 1504. These factors resulted in mistrust between the new king and the Castilian social elites, who could see the threat to their power and status. -
Period: 1568 to
The Eighty Years War
Was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government. The causes of the war included the Reformation, excessive taxation and the rights and privileges of the Dutch nobility and cities. The sovereign of the Netherlands, deployed his armies and regained control over most of the rebel-held territories. -
Period: 1568 to 1570
The rebellion of the Alpujarras
Was the second such revolt against the Castilian Crown in the mountainous Alpujarra region and on the Granada Altiplano region, northeast of the city of Granada .The rebels were Moriscos, the nominally Catholic descendants of the Mudéjares (Muslims under Castilian rule) following the first rebellion of the Alpujarras -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada, by England
Was a Spanish fleet that sailed from Lisbon in late May 1588, commanded by Alonso de Guzmán, Duke of Medina Sidonia, an aristocrat without previous naval experience appointed by Philip II of Spain. His orders were to sail up the English Channel and overthrow Elizabeth I. Its purpose was to reinstate Catholicism in England . The Armada was difficult to attack because it sailed in a crescent shape. When armada tried to get in touch with the Spanish army, the English ships attacked. -
Period: to
Baroque art
Is a Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from the early 17th century until the 1750s. It followed Renaissance art. The Baroque style used contrast, movement, exuberant detail, deep color, grandeur, and surprise to achieve a sense of awe. -
Apollo and daphne, by Bernini
Is an Ancient Greek transformation or metamorphosis myth. No written or artistic versions survive from ancient Greek mythology. The myth explains the origin of the laurel tree and its connection to Apollo, beautiful nymph Daphne, rejects the love of Apollo and is turned into a tree. Apollo and Daphne's story take place right after the great snake that terrorized mankind is slain by Apollo, he won that fight. The winners were, at first, honored with oak wreaths, since the laurel did not exist. -
The Spinners, by Velázquez
Is a painting by the Spanish painter Diego Velázquez, in the Museo del Prado of Madrid, Spain. It is also known by the title The Fable of Arachne. Dating from 1657-58. Traditionally, it was believed that the painting depicted women workers in the tapestry workshop of Santa Isabel. it was observed, Ovid's Fable of Arachne, the story of the mortal Arachne who dared to challenge the goddess Athena to a weaving competition and, on winning the contest, was turned into a spider by the jealous goddess. -
Saint Peters Square project, by Bernini
Is a large plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. Square and basilica are named after Saint Peter, an apostle of Jesus whom Catholics consider the first Pope. Basilica was redesigned by Gian Lorenzo Bernini from 1656 to 1667, Bernini had been working on the interior of St Peter's for decades. According to the Lateran Treaty the area of St. Peter's Square is subject to the authority of Italian police for crowd control even though it is a part of the Vatican state -
Period: to
Neoclassical art
A widespread and influential movement in painting and the other visual arts that began in the 1760s, and lasted until the 1840s. Neoclassicism in the arts is an aesthetic attitude based on the art of Greece and Rome in antiquity. -
Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David
Is a large painting by the French artist Jacques-Louis David painted in 1784 and 1785 and now on display in the Louvre in Paris. It depicts a scene from a Roman legend about a seventh-century BC dispute between two warring cities, Rome and Alba Longa and stresses the importance of patriotism and masculine self-sacrifice for one's country. Instead of the two cities sending their armies to war, they agree to choose three men from each city; the victor in that fight will be the victorious city. -
Carlos IV of Spain and his family, by Francisco de Goya
Is an portrait painting by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya. He began work on the painting in 1800, shortly after he became First Chamber Painter to the royal family and completed it in 1801. The portrait shows a depictions of Charles IV of Spain and his family, formally dressed in fine costume and jewellery. Setting the royal subjects in a similarly naturalistic setting as they pose. As in Las Meninas, the artist is shown working on a canvas, of which only the rear is visible