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Period: 1300 to
Renaissance
Renaissance is an artistic movement developed in Italy in the 14th century and spread throughout Europe reaching its peak with the 16th century art
Some of the main artist of this period were: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael
It consits of artist turning their attention to the beauty and mystery of the world and the individual man -
1420
Florence Cathedral's dome, by Brunelleschi
It is an octagonal structure in stone and brick masonry, with diameters 54.8 metres interior 45.5 metres, consisting of two domes:
one internal and the other external, each composed of eight "sails", or pendentives.
The two “shells” are united by 24 meridian and 10 parallel ribs, and the cavity between the twin domes hosts the stairway to the lantern (463 steps).
The bricks are laid in herringbone pattern and the external dome is covered in terracotta tiles. -
1498
Pietá, by Michelangelo Buonarroti
Is one of Michelangelo's most celebrated works.
Created between 1498 and 1500, this work represents te body of Jesus on the lap of his mother after the Crucifixion.
It sands approximately 1,79832 meters high, carved from a single slab of Carrara marble.
Michelangelo was only 24 years old when he finished the Pietá, and the sculpture is the only piece he has ever signed, a testament to his deep pride and satisfaction in the work.
It is kept in the St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City -
1509
The school of Athens, by Raphael Sanzio
The School of Athens is a fresco by Raffaello Sanzio, representing the greatest intellectual figures of the era.
It is one of the frescoes commissioned by Pope Julius II and is on display in the Vatican City.
The School of Athens is believed to be his masterpiece, demonstrating the Renaissance art.
In this article, Singulart explores the high Renaissance movement and discusses the important figures portrayed in The School of Athens and why it is such a significant artwork for Raphael. -
Period: 1520 to 1521
The revolt of the Comuneros in Castilla
It was an armed uprising led by the comuneros from the inland cities of castilla.
This uprising had different ways of being interpreted, it could be interpreted as an anti-seigneurial revolt, as one of the first bourgeois revolutions, or even as an anti-fiscal movement.
Was motivated by the political inestability of the era
After a year of revolts, the communist leaders Padilla, Bravo and Maldonado were beheaded in 1521, and the communist army fell into disarray. -
Period: 1568 to 1571
The rebellion of the Alpujarras
It was a conflict that occurred in Spain during the reign of Philip II.
The Moorish population of the Kingdom of Granada took up arms in protest about Pragmatic Sanction of 1567, which limited their cultural freedoms.
When defeated the moorish, they decided to deport the surviving ones to Crown of Castile, whose Moorish population went from 20,000 to 100,000. Apart from the deaths and expulsions, thousands were sold as slaves within Spain. -
Period: 1568 to
The Eighty Years War
The war of Netherlands independence from Spain, which led to the separation of the northern and southern Netherlands and to the formation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands
The first phase of the war began with two unsuccessful invasions by armies under Prince William I of Orange (1568 and 1572) and foreign-based raids by the Geuzen.
By the end of 1573 the Geuzen had captured, converted to Calvinism, and secured against Spanish attack the provinces of Holland and Zeeland. -
Period: to
Baroque Art
Art movement developed in italy in the 17th century because of Mannerism that dominated late italian Renaissance
Movement encouraged by the catholic church that aimed to return to the tradition and spirituality the church promoted with the counter reformation
In order to do that, they said that it should be religious themed
Some artist of this period were: Diego Velázquez, Johannes Vermeer, Annibale Carracci and Peter Paul Rubens -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada by England
Off the coast of Gravelines, France, Spain’s so-called “Invincible Armada” is defeated by an English naval force under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake. After eight hours of furious fighting, a change in wind direction prompted the Spanish to break off from the battle and retreat toward the North Sea. The remnants of the Spanish Armada, its hopes of invasion crushed, began a long and difficult journey back to Spain. -
Apollo and Daphne, by Bernini
Is considered one of the masterpieces in the history of art.
This work shows the moment nymph turns into a laurel tree.
The base shows two scrolls, the first one containing the lines of the distich by Maffeo Barberini, a friend of Cardinal Scipione Borghese and future Pope Urban VIII.
The second scroll was added in the mid-1700s.
The sculturte, like others created by Bernini, was backed on to a wall, setting a mandatory point of view for the visitor entering the room -
Saint Peter's square project by Bernini
This monumental elliptical space, enclosed by 284 Doric columns four rows deep (196m wide and 148m long), is the masterpiece of Gian Lorenzo Bernini, who laid it out during the pontificates of Alexander VII and of Clement IX.
Every Sunday at noon, people gather to recite the Angelus and receive the Pope's blessing from his window. A red porphyry stone on the northwest side of the square, marks the spot where Pope John Paul II was shot. -
The Spinners, by Velázquez
One of the most famous of the paintings by Velázquez, and an example of his great mythological works, is The Spinners, also known as The Fable of Arachne. It was painted not for the king but for a private patron.
In its art, the artist looks back to his bodegones, where two different areas and two planes of reality balance each other.
Velázquez's use of the curtain in this picture invoked a device that had been employed by a number of other Old Masters as a way of drawing the viewer antention -
Period: to
Neoclassical Art
Neoclassicism is the movement developed in europe because of the excess of Barroque and Rococo.
The movement aimed to return the beauty and magnificence of classical rome and greece
It is based on the on symetry and simplicity
Some artis of that period were: Jacques-Louis David, William-Adolphe Bouguereau -
Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David
It depicts three men, brothers, saluting toward three swords held up by their father as the women behind him grieve—no one had ever seen a painting like it. Similar subjects had always been seen in the Salons before but the physicality and intense emotion of the painting was new and undeniable. The revolutionary painting changed French art but was David also calling for another kind of revolution -
Carlos IV of Spain and his family, By Francisco de Goya
The subjects seem conscious of being painted; they pose speechless and motionless before a smooth wall, as if in frieze, its axis Queen Maria Luisa. Yet Goya forces his frieze to curve, placing King Charles IV and his successor, the prince of Asturias, in front of the others and filling in the outer corners with the other relatives.
Goya adjusts his technique to the demands of the enormous size painting.
Goya is generally thought to have intended this painting as a critique of the royal family.