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Period: 1300 to 1500
Renaissance
Renaissance art, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and literature produced during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries in Europe under the combined influences of an increased awareness of nature, a revival of classical learning, and a more individualistic view of man. -
1420
Florence Cathedral's dome, by Brunelleschi
The dome is an absolute masterpiece of art. The dome was built between 1420 and 1436 to a plan by Filippo Brunelleschi, and is still the largest masonry vault in the world. The structure had been planned since the 1300s, but the admirable innovation of Brunelleschi was to create it without reinforcements in wood,since none could have sustained a cupola of this size. -
1498
Pietá, by Michelangelo Buonarroti
The Pietà is one of the three common artistic representations of a sorrowful Virgin Mary, the other two being the Mater Dolorosa ("dolorous mother") and the Stabat Mater ("standing mother"). The other two representations are most commonly found in paintings, rather than sculpture, although combined forms exist. The Pietà developed in Germany (where it is called Vesperbild) about 1300, reached Italy about 1400, and was especially popular in Central European Andachtsbilder. -
1509
The school of Athens, by Raphael Sanzio
The School of Athens (Italian: Scuola di Atene) is a fresco by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. It was painted between 1509 and 1511 as part of a commission by Pope Julius II to decorate the rooms now called the Stanze di Raffaello in the Apostolic Palace in Vatican City. -
Period: 1520 to 1521
The revolt of the Comuneros in Castilla
The Revolt of the Comuneros (Spanish: Guerra de las Comunidades de Castilla, "War of the Communities of Castile") was an uprising by citizens of Castile against the rule of Charles I and his administration between 1520 and 1521. -
Period: 1568 to 1571
The rebellion of the Alpujarras
The Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568-1571), sometimes called the War of the Alpujarras or the Morisco Revolt, was the second such revolt against the Castilian Crown in the mountainous Alpujarra region and on the Granada Altiplano region, northeast of the city of Granada. -
Period: 1568 to
The Eighty Years War
The Eighty Years' War (1568-1648, also known as The Dutch Revolt and Dutch War of Independence) was a military conflict between the seventeen provinces of the Netherlands and Spain, which then governed them, beginning in the reign of King Philip II of Spain (1556-1598). Peace was concluded in 1648 with the establishment of the Dutch Republic. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada by England
Spanish Armada, the great fleet sent by King Philip II of Spain in 1588 to invade England in conjunction with a Spanish army from Flanders. England’s attempts to repel this fleet involved the first naval battles to be fought entirely with heavy guns, and the failure of Spain’s enterprise saved England and the Netherlands from possible absorption into the Spanish empire. -
Period: to
Baroque art
The Baroque is a Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from the early 17th century until the 1750s. -
Apollo and Daphne, by Bernini
Apollo and Daphne is a marble sculpture by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, which was executed between 1622 and 1625. It is regarded as one of the artistic marvels of the Baroque age. The statue is housed in the Galleria Borghese in Rome, along with several other examples of the artist's most important early works. -
Saint Peter's square project by Bernini
Saint Peter's Square (Latin: Forum Sancti Petri, Italian: Piazza San Pietro is a large plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the papal enclave in Rome, directly west of the neighborhood (rione) of Borgo. Both square and basilica are named after Saint Peter, an apostle of Jesus whom Catholics consider the first Pope. -
The Spinners, by Velázquez
This painting is the result of two acts carried out in different periods. First, Velázquez painted the surface occupied by the figures and the tapestry in the background. Later, in the 18th century, a wide strip (with the arch and oculus) was added to the top, along with narrower ones on the left, right and bottom. -
Period: to
Neoclassical art
Neoclassical art, a widespread and influential movement in painting and the other visual arts that began in the 1750s, reached its height in the 1780s and ’90s, and lasted until the 1840s and ’50s. In painting it generally took the form of an emphasis on austere linear design in the depiction of Classical themes and subject matter, using archaeologically correct settings and clothing. -
Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David
Oath of the Horatii (French: Le Serment des Horaces) is a large painting by the French artist Jacques-Louis David painted in 1784 and 1785 and now on display in the Louvre in Paris.The painting immediately became a huge success with critics and the public and remains one of the best-known paintings in the Neoclassical style. -
Carlos IV of Spain and his family, by Francisco de Goya
Charles IV of Spain and His Family is an oil-on-canvas group portrait painting by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya. He began work on the painting in 1800, and completed it in the summer of 1801.