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Period: 1201 to 1401
Rennaisance
It was a time of incredible beauty,full of creativity and curiosity. The Renaissance era also saw the discovery and exploration of new continents,the growth of trade,and new invention of innovations such as paper,printing,the compass,and gunpowder.It received that name because it symbolized the beginning of a new era in art,which took up the classical models of the periods of ancient Greece and Rome,but using modern techniques.Created the beginnings of the modern world as we know it. -
1420
Florence Cathedral´s dome by Brunelleschi
Brunelleschi built a dome 45 meters in diameter, which added to the base of the Florence Cathedral would reach 114 meters high.Represents the wealth and power of the Tuscan during the 13th and 14th centuries.It took 142 years to build.Its purpose was to replace the cathedral of Santa Reparata and serve as monument to the wealth and prestige of Florence. -
1498
Pietá, by Michelangelo Buonarroti
Represents the Virgin Mary, mother holding the dead body of Jesus Christ.Realized betwwen 1498-1499.It is located in Vatican City.Made with mármol. -
1509
The school of Athens, by Raphael Sanzio
Showcases the most philosophers, scientist, and mathematicians of the classical era.The message is the value of scientific thinking and natural truth.It was made in sketch between 1509 and 1510 and painted between 1510 and 1512.The school of Athens exemplifies Renaissance trends and innovations,such as the realistic depiction of human figures,as well as the use of foreshortening and linear perspective,artistic techiques that create the illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface. -
Period: 1520 to 1521
The revolt of Comuneros in Castilla
The immedicate cause of the communal insurrection was the measures taken by the visiting regent Juan Francisco Guitérrez de Piñeres,who increased the alcabala tax;established taxes on salt,tabacco and card games ;and imposed new taxes on cotton textiles.The objevtive was the return of some reservations and salt mines to the indigenous people,a reduction in their tax rates and the repeal of the tithe.Restitution of Creoles in some public positions that had been occupied by the Spanish. -
Period: 1568 to
The Eighty Years War
The causes of the war included the Reformation,centralization,excessive taxation,and the rights and privileges of the Dutch nobility and cities.In 1568 a rebellion broke out that,originally,had religious motives.The aristocrats who had embraced the reform demanded that the king stop persecuting Protestants.Philip ignored his request and shortly afterwards there was a popular uprising in Flanders.Result:independence of United Provinces,recognation-Dutch Republic. -
Period: 1568 to 1571
The rebellion of the Alpujarras
Was proked on Christmas night 1568,a group of royal officials who were Old Christians (that is,of totally Christian ancensors) were murdered in the Alpujarras region in response to royal pressure on that impovershed area.The Monfíes,Moors who lived in the Alpujarra mountains,rebelled.It was a conflict in which the desperate aspiration to restore the political,economic,religious and social situation that dissappeared due to the fall of the Nasrid Sultanete in 1492 was faced. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armanda by England
How England defeated Spanish Armanda?: because of the bad weather conditions and better employment of naval guns and battle tactics by the English.Why did England and Spain became enemies?:religious differences,the thrat posed by the Spanish Armanda,Spain´s alliance with France, and personal conflicts between the English and Spanish royal families.Why did Spain lose to England?:The English ships were longer, lower and faster than their Spanish rivals. -
Period: to
Baroque art
Baroque are grandeur,sensual richness,drama,dynamism,movement,tension,emotional exuberance and a tendency to blur disntictions between the various arts.The artistic expression is characterized by its attractive forms and its exclusively religious themes.Baroque art scares,and that is its function:to create a visceral link with the viewer based on the grotesque. -
Apollo and Daphne, by Bernini
Represents the magil reincarnation of the nymph, the transformation of her image from beautiful maiden into a tree.It,s about the myth of Apollo and Daphne tells that Apollo mocked Eros (Cupid).He,upset by Apollo,s arrogance,planned to take revenge of him and to do so he threw a golden arrow at him,which caused immediate love in whoever he wounded. Another shot wounded the Nymph Daphne with a lead arrow,which caused love rejection. -
Saint Peter´s square project by Bernini
It was built by Bernini in the mid-17th century and can accommodate more than 300,000 people.Symbolizes the center of Christianity.Meeting place between the faithful and the Pope,of important celebrations for Christians,of arrival of millions of pilgrims and visitors.St.Peter´s Square is one of the largest and most beautiful squares in the world. -
The Spinners, by Velázquez
Represents an obvious offense against Pallas Athena,since Arachne has represented several of the deceptions that her father, Zeus,used to obtain sexual favors from women and goddesses.The moral is that no matter how skilled people are,they will never measure up to the gods. -
Period: to
Neoclassical art
Neoclassicism is presented as a new art,serene and balanced in the face of the exhaustion of the Rococo forms,with its empty and repetitive language.Neoclassicism was unique and focused on discipine,reason and moral purpose. Images of freedom, such as the Greek goddess od wisdom in battle,Athena,can be seen in neoclassical art of early America,along with the tipical red,white and blue colors with stars that can now be seen on the American flag. -
Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David
In the painting, the three brothers express their loyalty and solidarity with Rome before the battle,fully supported by their father. They are men willing to give their lives for patriotic duty. With their resolute gaze and their tense and streched limbs,they are citades of patrionism.In a rhythmic composition inpired by classical relief sculpture,the Horatii brothers of Rome take an oath before their father. They swear to fight to the death against their three cousins. -
Carlos IV of Spain and his family, by Francisco de Goya
In The Family of Carlos IV Goya portrayed, from left to right, the Infante Carlos María Isidro, the Prince of Asturias, the Infanta María Josefa, an inidentified princess (probably the fiancée of the future Ferdinand VII, who had not yet arrived in Spain), Infanta María Isabel, Queen María Luisa.