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1420
Florence Cathdral´s dome, by Brunelleschi
In 1380 the base was completed but no project was solid enough so they made 12 models and 2 were finalists, that of Filippo Brunelleschi and that of Lorenzo Ghiberti, and they chose Ghiberty's. But they decided that the two of them were going to work together; First attempts to raise the domethe did not work, so they used a method that consits of placing some flat bricks horizontally and others vertically, tracing a diagonal. The construction work on the dome lasted 16 years. -
Period: 1492 to
Renaissance
The Renaissance was the result of the spread of the ideas of humanism, which determined a new conception of man and the world. It emerged in Italy, it expanded in a diverse and complex way to the rest of Europe and America. With the Renaissance, a new social class emerged, the bourgeoisie. Great artists and thinkers were part of the Renaissance, and some of their works became icons of modern Western culture. -
1498
Pietá, by Michelangelo Buonarroti
in 1498 in Rome, in the middle of the Renaissance. Cardinal Saint Denis commissions the Florentine sculptor, Michelangelo, to create a Pietà. The Pietà represents the pain of the Virgin Mary as she holds the corpse of her son Jesus in her arms when he descends from the cross. -
1509
The school of Athens, by Raphael Sanzio
It is a fresco by the artist Paphael Sanzio, it was commissioned by Pope Julius II to decorate the rooms in the Vatican. The fresco depicts a congregation of ancient philosophers, mathematicians and scientists, -
Period: 1520 to 1521
The revolt of the Comuneros in Castilla
It took place during the reign of Charles I. It was the armed uprising of the so-called comuneros (who participated in the revolt of the communities of Castile or previous ones related to it). This uprising has received various interpretations, being understood as an anti-lord revolt, as one of the first bourgeois revolutions, or even as an anti-fiscal movement. It was motivated by the political instability present in the Crown of Castile since the beginning of the 16th century. -
Period: 1568 to 1571
The rebellion of the Alpujarras
The conflict happened in Spain. The Moriscos of the kingdom of Granada protested against the Pragmatic Sanction that limited their cultural freedoms. When the royal power managed to defeat the rebels, it was decided to deport the surviving Moriscos to various points in the rest of the Crown of Castile. As there was so much fighting, it was also called the War of the Alpujarras. -
Period: 1568 to
The Eighty Years War
It is known in Spain as the War of Flanders and in the Netherlands as the War of Independence of the Netherlands, which pitted the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands against their monarch Philip II of Spain. In the Spanish perspective it was the uprising of a group of heretical rebels, it was presented in Dutch eyes as a justified fight against a tyrannical sovereign who did not respect their freedoms and ancient privileges. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada by England
Its purpose was to reestablish Catholicism in England, end support for the Dutch Republic, and prevent attacks by English and Dutch privateers against Spanish interests in America. The armada was attacked at night by English warships. The armada suffered further losses at the Battle of Gravelines and was in danger of running aground on the Dutch coast when the wind changed, allowing it to escape into the North Sea. Pursued by the English, Spanish ships returned home via Scotland and Ireland. -
Period: to
Baroque art
It was a period originated by a new way of conceiving art. Starting from different historical-cultural contexts, he produced works in numerous artistic fields. The 17th century was born with political changes (modern states), religious (the counter-reformation), technological (telescope), economic (crisis) and social (bourgeoisie). Art seeks to surprise, astonish. Realism is reduced. In this time of economic crisis, man faces reality in a more radical way. -
Apollo and Daphne, by Bernini
The theme that is developed in this sculpture has its origin in the Roman poet Ovid, in a passage from his work The Metamorphosis. Apollo was cursed by Eros, god of love, he sent an arrow to make him fall in love with Daphne and he sent an arrow to her to make her hate him. Daphne asked her father for help, who would turn her into a tree. The sculptor Italian captured perfectly and life-size. He chose the exact moment when Apollo catches up with Daphne and she begins to turn into a tree. -
Saint Peter´s square project by Bernini
It is a large square located right in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. The construction of St. Peter's Square lasted eleven years. There are a total of 284 columns and 88 pillars make up this architectural ensemble. At the top of the columns there are 96 statues of saints and martyrs, while another 44 statues dominate the square. The choice of saints is based on a subdivision between the New and Old Testament. -
The Spinners, by Velázquez
These Spinners were considered a painting showing a day of work in the tapestry workshop. Today it is admitted that the painting deals with a mythological theme: the fable of Athena and Arachne: Arachne challenged the goddess Athena to weave and Since she lost, she turned her into a spider. The foreground scene would portray the young woman on the right, with her back turned, working hard on her tapestry. On the left the goddess Athena pretends to be an old woman, with fake gray hair. -
Period: to
Neoclassical art
It arose in France. It influenced painting and other visual arts. It arose to name the aesthetic movement that came to reflect the intellectual principles of the Enlightenment in the arts. It was characterized by reflecting the thoughts of enlightened intellectuals. Return to the classic world. The illustration extended to art and the reason of Greco-Roman antiquity is once again a lighthouse by which to guide oneself aesthetically and philosophically. -
Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David
The Oath of the Horatii is an example of how an exact copy of ancient vestments can be made with simple iconography. It represents the exact moment in which Father Horatio hands over his weapons to his sons. They swear to give their lives for the country with the Nazi salute (which at that time was the Roman one). The drama of all this is that one of the sisters of the Curiacios is married to one of the Horacios and a sister of the Horacios is She is going to marry a Curiacio. -
Carlos IV of Spain and his family, by Francisco de Goya
He began working on the sketches in the spring of 1800. It belonged to the private collections of the Royal Palace of Madrid;
We see an attempt by the Crown to show itself as a strong and united family nucleus, the foundation of a solid and stable monarchy. However, the effect achieved is just the opposite: the hierarchy inherent to the rank of the characters is displaced in a way natural due to the roles that each member occupies within the family.