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Period: Jan 1, 1289 to
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire LinkFounder by Osman Bey in 1289, He was the leader of a band of seminomadic turks that claimed to be the religions soldiers "ghazi" for Islam. http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/OTTOMAN/OTTOMAN1.HTM -
Jan 1, 1326
First offensive
The Ottomans make use of their close distance to the Byzantine Empire and launch an attack, they then take the city of Bursa. -
Jan 1, 1352
Ottoman growth begins.
The Ottomans established a foothold in Europe after they took control of a fortress at Gollopoli. -
Period: Jan 1, 1451 to Dec 31, 1481
Mehmid the Conqueror's reign.
He captured Constantinople, Serbia, Greece, Albania, Trebizond, Crimea, and started war with Venice. He also centralized the government and economy. -
Jan 1, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
Mehmid the Conqueror, then ruler of the Ottoman Empire, finally takes the city of Constantinople. He then made it their capital and tried his hardest to make it an economic center in the empire. It opened a new era of expansion by the empire. -
Period: Jan 1, 1499 to
The Safavid Empire.
Safavid Empire LinkThe Safavid Empire is started by a young man named Ismail, who was hiding in swamps for most of the start of his life, but rose up and grew in power and support to enter Tabriz with an army and take control of a vast empire in modern day Iran. -
Period: Jan 1, 1501 to Dec 31, 1524
Ismail
He was the first shah of the empire, snd claimed to be a hidden imam, or religious leader. He made the official religion of his empire Twelver Shiism and forcefully made his subjects comply to its rules. -
Jan 1, 1514
Battle of Chaldiran
The Safavid engage in conflict with the Ottomans. The Ottomans use heavy fire power and gun powder to completly destroy the Safavids, who consider anything other than hand to hand combat to be weak and not manly. They thought their religion would protect them, but that failed and they were slaughtered. -
Apr 1, 1521
Sulyman the Magnificent (2)
The Ottomans take control of Belgrade and keep the Habsburgs on egde with their expansion, Here they also kill the king of Hungary and take control of that domain. This gave them power noth of the Danube. -
Period: Jan 1, 1523 to
Mughal Empire
Mughal empire LinkStarted by Babur in 1526. He defeated Ibrahim Lodi who was the Afghan Sultans at Panipat. In this battle gunpowder was used for the first time in India. The word "Mughal" is the Indo-Aryan version of "Mongol." Babur claimed to be a descendant of Chingis Khan and Tamerlane. They finally fell to internal
pressures and Hindu rebels. -
Period: Jan 1, 1524 to
Choas in the Safavid
After the death of Ismail, his 10 year old son took power. This created factions in the Empire over who should rightfully be the new ruler. This time was full of internal stuggles and weakness. The Ottomans took advantage of this and launched a series of attacks on the Safavid empire, taking back lots of terittory and the major city of Baghdad -
Jan 1, 1529
Suleyman the Magnificent (3)
The Ottomans continue their attacks on their European rivalsd the Habsburgs by finally taking and breifly holding their prized city of Vienna, this cases them to be constantly afraid of their powerful Muslim neighbors to the south, and keeps the Ottomans safe from any of their attacks on the Ottoman homeland. -
Jan 1, 1530
Death of Babur
The founder of the Mughal Empire, Zahir al-Din Muhammad or "Babur", dies, leaving the empire to his grandson Akbar. -
Jan 1, 1531
Akbar takes control.
Akbar throws his rival out a window, drags him back up, and throws him out again to make sure he is dead after an arguments Thus ensuring he will take control after his grandfather Babur has died. He will then reign over the Empire's most expansive time period. -
Jan 1, 1534
Suleyman the Magnificent
In 1534 the Ottomans attacked and captureed the major city of Baghdad, This then gave them total control over the Euphrates and the Tigris. -
Period: to
Shah Abbas the Great
He led millitary campaigns against the Ottomans, defeated the nomadic Uzbeks, and expelled the Portuguese from Hormuz in the Persian Gulf. It was the Safavids most expanisve time period under his rule. -
War with the Ottomans
Shah Abbas gains military power and launches attacks at the Ottomans, and harasses them into retreat. He gains control of northwest Iran, the Caucause mountains, and Mesopotamia. -
British Intervention
The British established their first factory in the Mughal empire. This started their rapid gain of control over the Empire until they turned it into their puppet they could leech recources off of. -
Death of Shah Abbas
Due to fear of assasination, he either executed or blinded all of his sons. This left him no heir to his throne, so when he died there was a power shift. The original group of soldiers, Qizilbash, he took power with then claimed themselves to be the nobles and leaders of society in the empire. -
Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal is commisioned to be built under Shah Jahan usding the Empire's massive wealth. -
Period: to
Reign of Aurangzab
Under his rule the Empire exnaded its borders considerably. He launched attacks into southern Indai. which led to them ruling all but the southern most tip of India. During his rule the empire started to crumble from the inside though. He faced rebellions from Hindus and conflict between the Hindu population and the Muslim population. -
Decline of the Safavids.
Afghan groups destroyed the ruling dynasty. A division of powers was agreed between the new Afghan Shahs and the Shi'a ulama. The Afghan Shahs controlled the state and foreign policy, and could levy taxes and make secular laws. This was essentially the end of the Safavid dynasty for they no longer controlled their own empire. -
British take over.
Treaty of Allahabad let the British acquire tax raising and administrative powers in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, after which the Mughal emperor became their puppet. -
End of the Mughal
Due to their unreadiness to deal with the influx of Europeans (especially the British) and with the growth of rebellions in the region, the empire fell into decline. The British finally dissolved the Empire.
