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Jan 1, 910
Founding of Cluniac Order
The Cluniac Order is founded in Cluny with the aim of reforming the church, encouraging more spirituality and combatting corruption. It's a success. -
Jan 1, 963
Otto III Removes Pope John VIII
The Holy Roman Emperor John VIII removes Pope John VIII on charges of sacrilege, simony, perjury, murder, adultery and incest. -
Jan 1, 999
Otto III Appoints Gerbert of Aurillac
The Ottonian and Salian kings had entered a campaign of reform to remove the Papacy from the control of the Roman Nobility. Gerbert was Otto III's teacher and would go on to take the name Sylvester II. -
Period: Jan 1, 1056 to Jan 1, 1105
Reign of Henry IV
Henry, king of the Salian Germans appointed by his nobility, would initiate the Investiture Conflict. -
Period: Jan 1, 1073 to Jan 1, 1084
Reign of Pope Gregory VII
Pope Gregory VII, or Hildebrand, was an Italian. One of many reforming Popes, he's most famous for his campaign against lay investiture; sadly, his conflict over this with Henry IV would lead to his deposition and death. -
Jan 1, 1075
Gregory VII Appointed
Hildebrand, an Italian reforming monk, becomes Pope Gregory VII. He believes the Papacy to be superior to kingship. He not only bans lay investiture but threatens to excommunicate all who follow it. -
Jan 1, 1122
Concordat of Worms
The Concordat of Worms settles the Investiture debate: the Church would appoint clergy and nobles/kings could give them land to gain fealty.