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Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, also known as the Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland, refers to Poland between the two world wars. It was a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. The Polish state was created in 1918 after World War I. It continued to exist until 1939, despite both internal and external pressures. The invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and the Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of World War II. Between -
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Kingdom of Yugoslavia
During World War I it was difficult to unite the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes because they did not have a universal language or religion that they shared. They wanted to form a nation whose slogan would be "Brotherhood and Unity.”. The Serbians were Eastern Orthodox while the Croatians and Slovenians were strict Roman Catholics. Serbians used the Cyrillic and Latin alphabet, where as Croatians only used the latter. Serbo-Croatian has a variety of forms of languages that native Serbs and Croat -
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Polish Soviet War
The Polish Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1921) was an armed conflict between Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine. It was against the Second Polish Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic over the control of what is present day Ukraine and parts of present day Belarus. At some point it was also for the existence of Poland as an independent state. Another cause was a clash of ideology due to USSR's goal of spreading communist rule further west, to Europe. At that time both countries had -
The Treaty of Germaine
The Treaty of Germaine was signed with Austria after World War One. It was similar to the Treaty of Versailles because it had the Covenant of the League of Nations and was not ratified by the United States. This treaty recognized the independence of Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. It also gave huge chunks of land to Italy and Romania. Dalmatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia were given to Yugoslavia. This treaty basically dissolved the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. -
Treaty of Neuilly
The Neuilly Treaty was a peace treaty between Bulgaria and the Allied powers after World War 1. It required Bulgaria to give 990 square miles on its western border to Yugoslavia and Western Thrace to the Entente. Bulgaria also had to recognize the legal existence of the new state and cede Southern Dobjura to Romania. Other things Bulgaria had to do were reduce its army to 30,000 troops, pay war damages, and recognize the existence of Yugoslavia.
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Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary existed as a de facto country for nine hundred forty six years under Regent Miklós Horthy. Horthy officially represented the abdicated Hungarian monarchy of Charles IV, Apostolic King of Hungary. After the breakup of Austria-Hungary the Hungarian Democratic Republic and Hungarian Soviet Republic was briefly proclaimed in 1918 and 1919. The communist government of Béla Kun launched the "Red Terror", which got Hungary involved in an ill fated war with Romania. In 1920, t -
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement signed after World War One with Hungary. It clearly stated that “The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Hungary accepts the responsibility of Hungary and her allies for causing the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Austria-Hungary"
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Polish Lithuanian War
The Polish–Lithuanian War was an armed conflict between Lithuania and Poland after World War I. it was also about Lithuania's declaration of independence on February 16, 1918. The conflict’s main concern was the territorial control of the Vilnius Region. According to Lithuanian historians, the war was a part of the Lithuanian Wars of Independence and came from spring 1919 to November 1920. According to Poland, the war only included fighting over the Suwałki Region from September to October 1 -
Bulgarian Coup d'etat of 1923
The Bulgarian coup d'état of 1923, is also known as the 9 June coup d'état. It was a coup d'état in Bulgaria implemented by armed forces under General Ivan Valkov's Military Union on the eve of 9 June 1923. Hesitantly legitimated by a decree of Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria, it overthrew the government of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union headed by Aleksandar Stamboliyski and replaced it with one under Aleksandar Tsankov.
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War of the Stray Dog
A Greek soldier was serving at Demir Kapou and passed on the Bulgarian frontier and strayed into the Bulgarian territory, while trying to get his dog. He was shot and killed by Bulgarian sentries. An exchange of fire between the border’s posts followed the killing of the Greek solider. This incident became known as the "War of the Stray Dog", which resulted in Greek units crossing the frontier and marching into Bulgaria, while the Bulgarian army melted away. -
Iron Guard of Romania
Romanian antisemitism had deep roots in the teachings of the Romanian Orthodox Church. Even as the Iron Guard moved beyond traditional religious antisemitism to promote economic and racial antisemitism, and violence against Jews, they did not abandon religious belief and religious language and symbolism was used in the speeches, poetry and songs of the Iron Guard. The youth movement had its stronghold in the Faculty of Theology of the University of Bucharest. -
Black Tuesday Stock Market Crash
The Black Tuesday Stock Market Crash became known as Black Tuesday. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors, and stock tickers ran hours behind because the machinery could not handle the tremendous volume of trading. Investor’s traded 16,410,030 shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. As a result of Black Tuesday, America and the rest of the industrialized world spiraled downward into the Great Depression.
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German Polish Non Aggression Pact
The German–Polish Non-Aggression was an international treaty between Nazi Germany and the Second Polish Republic. These countries pledged to solve their problems through bilateral negotiations and to forgo armed conflict for a period of ten years. It was effective in normalizing relations between Poland and Germany. As a result of the treaty, Germany recognized Poland's borders and ended the customs war, which existed between the two countries during the previous decade.
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1934 Balkan Pact
The Balkan Pact was a mutual-defense agreement between Greece, Turkey, Romania, and Yugoslavia. It was aimed at maintaining the geopolitical status quo in the region. It was intended to guarantee the signatories’ territorial integrity and political independence against attack by another Balkan state. It was not effective against the growing German economic. The Pact did not offer security to Romania against the territorial claims of the Soviet Union nor Hungary. -
The Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement was a settlement that gave Nazi Germany's annexation of Czechoslovakia's areas along the country's borders. It was negotiated at a conference without the presence of Czechoslovakia, and signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy. It prevented the outbreak of war, but gave Czechoslovakia to German defeat. British and French prime ministers signed the Munich Pact with Adolf Hitler. The purpose of the conference was to discuss the future of the Sudetenland.
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Slovak Hungarian War
The Slovak Hungarian War is also known as the Little War. Hungarian troops surprised the Slovakian troops when they crossed the border. The Slovakian Air Force was actually better prepared than the Hungarian troops. The Slovakians launched a bomb on the Hungarian cities of Roznava, Mukacheve, and Uzhorod, which caused minor damages. In the end, the Hungarians won the air war. Eleven Slovakian aircraft were destroyed while no Hungarian aircrafts were destroyed,
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Italian Invasion of Albania
Italy presented an ultimatum to the government of Albania on March 25, 1939, making various demands. A response was required by April 6, 1939. The Albanian government offered a counterproposal on 5 April. This was ignored by Italy, whom started landing troops on April 7th (Good Friday), in an effort to mimic Hitler's conquest of Prague. Benito Mussolini's troops invaded and occupied Albania. Albania was already dependent on Italy's economy, so they did not have much to offer. -
German invasion of Poland
At 4:45 a.m., about1.5 million German troops invade Poland along its 1,750-mile border, with German controlled territory. The German Luftwaffe bombed Polish airfields, and German warships and U-boats attacked Polish naval forces in the Baltic Sea. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler claimed the massive invasion was a defensive action, but Britain and France did not believe that. So in response they declared war on Germany, September 3 initiating World War II.
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German Invasion of Yugoslavia
The Invasion of Yugoslavia, also known as the April War, was the Axis Powers' attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. They invaded Yugoslavia because of the Yugoslav government's announcement which stated that it would not honor its obligations under an agreement announced on March 25, 1941. The invasion ended with the unconditional surrender of the Royal Yugoslav Army, annexation and occupation of the region by the Axis powers, and the creation of the In the creation of Croatia. -
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Hungarian Romanian War
The Hungarian-Romanian War was a military conflict fought between the Kingdom of Romania and Kingdom of Hungary form March 1, 1958 to June 15, 1960. It was over the disputed territory of Transylvania, which was ceded to Hungary in the Vienna Awards in 1940. Hungary had lost all of Transylvania after World War I in the Treaty of TrianonWhen Hungary, in 1940, demanded the concession of Transylvanian’s territory from Romania, tensions rose between Hungary and Romania. A war was avoided when the
