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Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic was a parliamentary democracy from 1919 to 1926. The Parliament elected the president, and he had the power to appoint the Prime Minister and the government with the lower house's (also known as Sejm's), but he could only dissolve the lower house with the senate's consent. During this time period, the major political parties included the National Democrats and other right-wing groups, the various Peasant parties, the Social Democrats, and ethnic minority groups. -
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Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (also known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes) was a state that existed from December 1, 1918 to 1941. The state stretched from Western Balkans to Central Europe and bordered Italy and Austria to the northwest. The kingdom was proclaimed by Alexander Kara, who was the son of Peter I of Serbia. The kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of Serbia and Montenegro. It also contained territory that was part of Austria Hungary. -
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Hungarian Romanian War
One of the main causes of the Hungarian Romanian War was when Transylvania proclaimed union with Romania on December 1, 1918. The following year, the Bolsheviks came to power and attempted to take back Transylvania, which commenced the war. More than 100,000 troops were involved on both sides by the time the war reached its final stages. In March 1920, Romanian troops withdrew from Hungary. The destruction of Hungary's capital Budapest and the Hungarian Soviet Republic ended the war. -
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Polish-Soviet War
The Polish-Soviet War was a war between 1919 and 1921 that determined the borders between the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic and Poland. It was caused by the collision of various parties attempting to come to power after World War I. After the collapse of German and Austrian Empires, Poland declares itself independent. However, many surrounding borders of the new Poland were un clear, as was the status of each. As a result of the war, the Treaty of Riga was created. -
Treaty of St. Germain
The Treaty of St. Germain, also known as the Treaty of St Germain-en-Laye, was signed by the Allies of World War I and the Republic of German-Austria after World War I ended on September 10th 1919. However, the treaty was not ratified by the United States because it contained the Covenant of the League pf Nations. The treaty took effect several months later on July 16, 1920. Austria was one of Germany's alliances. During World War I, the country was referred to as Austro-Hungary. -
Treaty of Neuilly
The Treaty of Neuilly (also known as Neuilly-sur-Seine) was one of several treaties after World War I, inlcuding the Treaty of Versailles, the Treaty of St. Germain, the Treaty of Trianon, and the Treaty of Sevres. The Treaty of Neuilly is the peace treaty between Bulgaria and the Allied powers after World War I. The treaty was signed on November 27th 1919, it became effective August 9, 1920. The treaty was signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France in the town hall. -
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon is the peace agreement signed with Hungary and the Allies after World War One on June 4th, 1920 at Grand Trianon Palace in Versailles, France.Some Hungarians believe that the real motive of the treaty was to attempt to destroy a major power in Central Europe. The Western powers' main priority was to prevent a resurgence of Germany and they therefore decided that its allies in the region, Austria and Hungary, should be surrounded by a ring of states friendly to the Allies. -
Bulgarian Coup D'etat 1923
A coup d'etat , also known as an overthrow, is the illegal deposition of a government, usually done by a small group of the military. The Bulgarian coup d'etat of 1923 (also known as 9 June coup d'etat) was a coup d'etat in Bulgaria under the power of General Ivan Kalkov's military on June 9, 1923. This overthrew the Bulgarian Agrian National Union and replaced it with a government under Aleksander Tsankov. -
Iron Guard
The Iron Guard, originally founded by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu on July 24, 1927, is a far-right movement and political party in Romania. The Iron Guard promoted the Orthodox Christian faith and also imitated Germany's Nazi Party in both ideology and methods. In 1938, King Carol II managed to suppress the activities of the Iron Guard. However, the control fell into violent turmoil after the Munich Pact of 1939 was signed. This eventually led to a Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact in 1939. -
German Polish Non Agression Pact
The German Polish Non Agression Pact was meant to last for ten years and was thought to be the time of "a new era in Polish-German political relations". Poland leaders were anxious over tensions between the Nazis and the Soviets, and did not want to become to reliable on European powers. The pact was created to guarantee peace between the German and Polish governments. On April 1938, Germany was removed from the pact and Poland was invaded in September. -
Balkan Pact
The Balkan Pact was a treaty signed by Greece, Turkey, Romania and Yugoslavia in 1934. The point of this treaty was to maintain the geopolitical status quo in the region following World War I. Because Bulgaria refused to join because of its territorial claims, it developed into the Balkan Entente. The Balkan states were divided in their response to the War, between opposition, cooperation, neutrality, and internal divisions. Several years later, a second pact was formed but was ineffective. -
War of Stray Dog
The War of the Stray Dog started in 1925 after a Greek soldier serving in Demir Kapou wandered into Bulgarian territory searching for a dog and was shot and killed by a Bulgarian soldier. After the shooting happened, there was an exchange of fire between the border which led to the deaths of a Greek captain and another soldier while they were trying to ceasefire under a white flag. This incident sparked the war that lasted for a year. -
Slovak-Hungarian War
The Slovak-Hungarian War started on March 23, 1939 after Germany forced Slovakia to declare independence from Czechoslovakia. As a result of the war, 30 soldiers were killed, over 500 wounded, and 51 civilians died. The fighting was ceased on March 31. In April, a peace treaty was signed in Budapest, Hungary, This forced Slovakia to give 1697 square kilometers to Hungary. -
Italian Invasion of Albania
The Italian invasion of Albania lasted from April 7, 1939 to September 8, 1943. After Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia, the Italian dictator decided to invade Albania in early 1939. Italy gave Albania an ultimatum on March 25, 1939, demanding that the Italian forces control strategic points, Italian farmers should settle in Albania with the rights of Albanian citizens, and a union being introduced. The Italians required a response by April 6, 1939. This invasion was seen as a plot by Nazi Germany. -
German Invasion of Poland
Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Within weeks of the invasion, the Polish army was defeated. More than 2,000 tanks and over 1,000 planes, broke through Polish defenses along the border and advanced on Warsaw. After severe bombing, Warsaw surrendered to the Germans on September 27, 1939. Britain and France then declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939. The Soviet Union invaded eastern Poland on September 17, 1939.
