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Russian Civil War
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Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War was fought between two major powers: the Red Army, which was led by Leon Trotsky and wanted a communist Russia, and the White Army, a loose coalition of anti-bolshevik forces with sometimes conflicting interests. There were other parties involved, like other independence movements and the Entente and Germany sending troops to support the White Army. Eventually, the Red Army asserted its dominance over Russia, although Central Asia continued resistance until 1934. -
The End of WWI
The Armistice is signed between the Central Powers and the Allied Powers, ending hostilities. However, they are still formally in a state of war, so the Allies begin negotiating with each other to decide the fate of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Most of the negotiations happened in Paris, and the Big Four meetings (USA, Britain, France, and Italy) in the French Ministry of Foregin Affairs. -
The Treaty of Versailles
After six months of negotiations between the Allied powers, the Germans are presented with the treaty of Versailles. Despite the harsh terms of the treaty, the Germans agreed to the peace, as Germany would have been easily occupied by the Allies. This treaty was seen as unjust and unequal by the German people, which provided Hitler a platform for his future political campaigns. -
Roaring Twenties
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The Roaring Twenties
The Roaring Twenties was a time of cultural and economic prosperity for North America and Western Europe. It brought with it a feeling of modernity and novelty, as well as progress and technological advancements. It ended when the Wall Street Crash in 1929 brought about the Great Depression. -
The Great Depression
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The Great Depression
The Great Depression was first felt in the US after a major fall in stock prices and became global on October 29 when the stock market crashed. While some economies managed to recover in the mid-1930s, many countries couldn't recover until the beginning of WWII. Unemployment was rife, worldwide GDP fell by 15%, and many banks failed. -
Hitler as the Chancellor
During a time of political instability in the Germany, Chancellor Papen left his office. However, he invited Hitler, the leader of the growing Nazi Party, to be the Chancellor if he became the Vice-chancellor. Hitler took the opportunity and became the Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933. In March of the same year, the Reichstag (parliament) passed the Enabling Act, which effectively gave Hitler dictatorial power over Germany. Hitler became the Fuhrer of Germany. -
Spanish Civil War
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Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War was fought between the Nationalists, led by Francisco Franco, and the Republicans, led by Manuel Azana Diaz. The Nationalists were supported by Nazi Germany and Italy, while the Republicans were supported by the Soviet Union and Mexico. France and Britain recognised the Republicans as the government of Spain, and while they didn't intervene in the war, volunteers from both countries joined the Republican's International Brigade. The Nationalists eventually won the war. -
Nazi Germany invades Poland
Nazi Germany sent an ultimatum to Poland, demanding that Danzig be handed over to them and that a plebiscite be held in the Polish Corridor where the Germans (a minority in the area) would vote on secession from Poland. The Polish government refused the ultimatum. On September 1, after staging some border incidents, Nazi Germany declared war on Poland, whose independence was guaranteed by the British and French. Thus ended the Interwar Period, and World War II began.
