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Democritus Atomic Model
400 BC (this won't go any further back in time). Democritus's atomic model is basic. This is because democritus thought that all atoms were made of the same substance and really hard. -
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Democritus's Atomic Theory
Democritus was born 460BC in Greece and Died 370BC. Over 2400 years ago a Greek philosopher wanted to know if matter could be broken up more and more or if there was a limit on how far it could be broken up. He had a theory that there was a particle that is indivisible. He named it Atomos, meaning "not to be cut" Democritus thought of atoms as small, hard particles that were all made of the exact same material but were different shapes and sizes and that there an infinite number of them. -
Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton He had a theorized a mechanical universe and that there were tiny masses swimming around everywhere. -
John Dalton's Atomic Theory
John Dalton made 5 major points about atoms that *All elements are made up of Atoms, which are incredibly small particles
*Atoms of a certain element differ to those of other elements
*Atoms of a certain element are identicle
*Chemical Compounds are formed when the atoms of one element combine with atoms of a different element in the same fixed proportions
*You cannot create or destroy atoms in a chemical reaction -
Marie and Pierre Curie
Marie and Pierre Curie are very famous for their discoveries of radioactive matter. in 1898 Marie Curie studied the mysterious radiation that was discovered in 1896. Marie tested the strength and power emitted from uranium. She found that over long periods of time and different external conditions, the radioactive power emitted from it, did not change. Pierre Curie also joined in to help with the experiments. They discovered 3 elements: Radium, Polonium and actinium. -
Marie and Pierre Curie Part 2.
Marie and Pierre then had to work out what made up these elements and isolate them to find the source of this radioactive matter. In 1906, Pierre was tragically struck by a bus and died. Marie kept their work alive and throughout WWI she worked on creating X-ray machines. Little did she know, or anyone infact, that the radiation was poisonous. She passed away in 1934 from leukimia that would definitely have been caused by her long exposure to radioavtice elements. -
Joseph John Thomson Atomic Theory
Joseph John Thomson (18 December 1856- 30 August 1940) experimented and found that Atoms were infact divisible to even smaller particles. He could only work out that there were electrons but knew that there was a positive source in there. This lead him to believe that an atom was like a plum pudding, The fruit was the electrons and the cake was the positive. -
Plum Pudding Atomic Model
This is Joseph John Thomson version of the Atom. It was found in 1904. JJ thought that an atom was completely solid and had electrons (negative charged) and a positive charge in it. JJ thought that the atom was just like a plum pudding, the electrons were the fruit and the positive charge was the actual cake. -
Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford (August 30 1871- October 19 1837) did an experiment to try and confirm JJ Thomsons atomic theory. He did a test where he fired alpha beams at a pirce of gold foil. If JJ's theory was correct all the beams would bounce back. When they conducted the experiment, only a few of the beams came back, a majority of them went straight past. Rutherford now had to convince people that atoms were not infact solid and only had a small nucleous -
Rutherfod Atomic Model
Ernest Rutherford Discovered this Atom Model. It was discovered in 1911 during the gold foil test, where they were trying to prove that Thomsons theory was correct. After they got the results of the test it proved that Thomsons "Plum Pudding" Model was actually incorrect. -
Bohr's Atomic Model
In 1913 Niels Bohr made some changes to Rutherfords atomic model. This is the current atomic model that is used. -
James Chadwick
James Chadwick (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) Chadwick is most noted for his discovery of the neutron.In 1932 Chadwick bombarded the element Beryllium (BE) with Alpha particles, then allowed the radiation produced from the beryllium to take effect on the parrafin wax. People began searching for Be Radiation. Some suggested that it could be gamma rays but chadwick found that the rays lost energy and momentum. It was found to be a neutral particle, hence the name neutron. -
Enrico Fermi
In 1933 he came up with a theory on Beta Decay. He demonstrated that nuclear transformation occurs in almost every element that was subject to neutron bombardment Enrico fermi is famous for his work on the Manhattan Project and creating the first Atomic reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He was the manager for the project and helped with the first ever reaction in the CP1. He was also a major problem solver in the Manhattan Project. Coming up with ways to fix and bypass problems in the Nuclear Bomb -
Scientists who contrubted to the Manhattan Project
The following scientists are known for their contributions to the Manhattan Project and the Atomic Bomb
Robert Oppenheimer
David Bohm
Leo Szilard
Eugene Wigner
Otto Frisch
Rudolf Peierls
Felix Bloch
Niels Bohr
Emilio Segre
James Franck
Enrico Fermi
Klaus Fuchs
Edward Teller -
The Manhatten project
The Manhattan Project is probably the biggest event in weapons technology. During the second World War, Roosevelt feared that Nazi germany were experimenting and researching with Atomic Energy. in 1942 a group of the highly intelligent America scientists came together and were asked to study the atomic theory and see if they could possibly create a protoype nuclear reactor. in December 1942, the team had finally built a nuclear reactor. -
The manhattan project part 2
Tests were conducted to see if they were capable of creating a super weapon (the bomb). In 1945, the first atomic test was conducted in Jornada del Muerto. They were prepared for a massiver failure, but after the detenation of the device, they realized how powerful it was. The explosion was said to be extreme and bright that it was more brighter than the sun Many different colours were recorded and the blast was like a giant fireball. That started the age of nuclear weaponary. -
Atomic Bombs dropped on Japan
After the Manhattan Prject breakthrough in nuclear energy and weaponry, especially the Trinity test, (the first successful Atomic test), Nuclear bombs were designed for use in helping end the war. America dropped 2 Atomic bombs on japanese cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 2 cities full of civilions. This is said to be revenge for Pearl Harbour. Japan surrendered because they feared that more bombs would be dropped -
Littleboy
The first of the 2 bombs dropped on Japan was codenamed Littleboy. It was dropped on Hiroshimi August 6 1945. when it was detonated it formed a fireball with a radius of 15+meters in .1ms. Them temperature was over 300 000 Degrees celcius. the top of the cloud reached over 17 000 meters. Many people were irradiated and simply disappeared. A devastating cloud of radioactive debris and mant others felt the affects hours after like radiation poisoning and burns. -
fatman
3 days after Hiroshimas attack, another bomb was dropped onto Nagasaki. there is less info known about this attck than for the first one. The codename for this bomb was Fatman. The effects are still being felt by people who live there because it takes 100's of years for radioactive matter to disappear. The nuclear bombs being dropped on Japan are a huge significance to the History of the Atom because it gave scientists more understanding of different elements and powers. -
Dr Robert Oppenheimer
Dr Oppenheimer is generally referred to as "The Father of the Atomic Bomb". He was the Atomic research project manager from 1942 to 1945. After the Atomic Bombs were dropped on Japan, Oppenheimer became the chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission from 1946 to 1952. He was strongly apposed to the development on the Hydrogen bomb. in 1953 he was suspended from his role because he was considered a security risk.
