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World War One Conscription Crisis
-French didn't like conscription lots of Riots -French were brought into the war cause of the anglophones that
wanted to be in the war -
Creation of the Union Nationale Party
Founded in 1935 by Maurice Duplessis as a loose coalition. Than to be founded in 1936 as a political party. The party was both liberal and conservative. -
The Duplesiss Era/The Great Darkness 1936-1939 & 1944-1959
Quebec during the first half of the 1900s was extremely conservative. Also, the roman catholic held large amounts of power.
The whole of the country was leaning towards centralism but Quebec wasn't so it decidedly elected Maurice Duplessis.
Metis leader Louis Riel was hanged. In French Canada, Riel was a hero protecting French cultural and language rights. National Policy promoted British model for Canada. Boer War – French Canada viewed the war as an act of British imperialism. -
World War 2 The Conscription Crisis
The WW2 conscription was bad but politically it wasn't as horrible as the 1917 crisis. PM king said he wouldn't establish conscription.
Again this damaged relations with the french who again didn't see it as their war. -
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1960's Separatist Movement
The Separatist Movement was growing in Quebec as many of them were offended by several things Canada was doing. For example, Ottawa is the capital but is overwhelmingly English speaking and the fact the Francophones and Anglophones have different rights across Canada. The FLQ became more well known although many Quebecois did support terrorist they did not support the FLQ's methods. Later the Parti Quebecois (PQ) publicly believed that Quebec and Canada should be separate. -
Quiet Revolution Begins 1960-1962 maitre chez nous (Jean lesage, Liberal Party Campaign slogan)
The quiet revolution was a time in which the social structures of Quebec changed dramatically. The underlying belief during this time was that french Canadians should not play a second class role in their society causing a uprising. -
Period: to
The Front de Liberation du Quebec
The FLQ was a group from Quebec in support to become separate from Canada. Occasionally they would resort to violent actions to reach their goal. From 1963-1970 the FLQ were the cause of over 200 political actions such as bombing and bank hold-ups. This party was founded in the 1960's. -
A Bilingualism Nation
Lester Pearson was Canada's PM during Quebec's Quiet Revolution he was convinced French Canadian's would leave -
The Flag Debate
Canada was once again split into French and English Canadians over a new flag. They had three options for the flags, one with Red Ensign and one with the three maple leaf and a totally new created by George Stanley. The English Canadians wanted it to have a relation with England and the Frenched wanted something new with the Fleur-de-lis. -
1967 Canada's immigration policy
A new system was introduced which assigns immigrants into potential categories for example, education, age, fluency in the national languages and job opportunites in Canada. -
Official Language Act passed, 1969
The official language act saw that the two languages of Canada were to become French, English. -
The War Measures Act 1970
October and November 1970, Emergency regulations were proclaimed in response to two kidnappings by the terrorist group, Front de Liberation du Quebec. -
FLQ crisis (Oct,5 1970) aka, October Crisis
It October Crisis began with the kidnapping of James Cross, The British trade commissioner in Montreal by members of the Front de Libèration du Quebec. The Quebec Premier agreed to many of the demands set in place to release Cross safely but he refused to release the FLQ members from prison. In retaliation the FLQ kidnapped Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte. -
Policy of Multiculturalism
The official policy of Multiculturalism was introduced by PM Trudeau in 1971. This policy states that we will give them support in our society as well as encourage all to share their culture and values. Multiculturalism activities were organized and ethinic groups were encouraged to express their culture. -
1974 Bill 22 introduced by Robert Bourassa
Bill 22, the Official Language Act by the Québec Liberal government of Robert Bourassa and passed by the legislature July 1974. It made French the language of civic administration and services, and of the workplace. -
1976 Immigration Policy
Regulations change once again to allow immigrants with family members or relatives already in Canada. -
Bill 101 Introduction
Separatists priorities were to strengthen the French language. This Bill was to follow up with the Bill 22 passed to make French the official language. Bill 101 expanded on the rights of Bill 22 -
Parti Quebecois wins provincial election
Rene Levesque and his won seven seats in the 1970's and decided their main goal was separation from Canada. -
Bill 101 Passed
Bill 101 was passed with Levesque's party in charge. The Bill's main goal was to elaborate on Bill 22 and expand their rights. French was now the official language and government employees had to work in french. Commercial signs were to be French only and children of immigrants were to attend French schools. -
Trudeau Becomes Prime Minister
Pierre Trudeau was the 15th prime minister of Canada. He was in office from 1980 to 1984. He considered himself a liberal. -
Referendum on Sovereignty Association
Levesque called for a referendum on Quebec sovereignty to negotiate a new agreement with Canada about what he called sovereignty-association. Politically Quebec would be self-reliant but all other aspects they would still be dependent on Canada. The referendum resulted in 40% of Quebecois voting yes. -
1982 Constitution Act
The constitution act of 1982 was extremely helpful towards Canadas freedoms. It was the enrichment that allowed Canadas people to change their constitution without the say of Britain. -
1980 Patriation of the constitution.
Canada transferred it highest law from the authority British parliament. The new Law also contained a charter of rights which contained an abundance of laws discussed by the all the governments of canada -
Brian Mulroney becomes Prime Minister
Brian Mulroney is the 18th Prime Minister of Canada. Under his serve he created the free trade agreement between the USA he also introduced the goods and services tax. He was involved with conservatism. -
Meech Lake Accord
The accord was founded to help convince the Quebec government into addressing the 1982 Constitutional amendments. The Amendments were backed by nearly all the provinces except Quebec. Prime Minister Mulroney called a conference to talk about the Constitution. He proposed amendments that intrigued Quebec and would give more power to other provinces. All provinces would have veto power. -
Bloc Quebecois Formed 1987
The Bloc Quebecois was the centre piece party of the Quebec people. The party was founded to protect french sovereignty -
1987 Reform Party Created
The reform party existed from 1987 to 2000 that believed in Conservatism ways. Twas founded because people thought that people were losing value in western conservatism views. -
1988 Department of Multiculturalism Formed
The Department of Multiculturalism was to protect humans rights and furthermore its people and cultures of previous generations. All the rights and cultures of its people were to be discussed as those of Canadas -
Meech Lake Accord 1990
PM Mulroney caught to Qubecious attention as well as the members of the Cree nation. Many Qubecious saw this as an opportunity to protect their culture and language. Two provinces, Manitoba and Newfoundland, withheld their support and the Meech Lake Accord died. The Aboriginals opposed the Meech Lake Accord since it did not recognise them as a distinct society. -
Charlottetown Accord
PM Mulroney wanted to continue the discussion of the Consitution. He created a committee to travel and hear different ideas and views of Canadians. He changed this accord for the Meech Lake by including First Nations to have a self-leading government. They turned the Charlottetown Accord into a referendum where 68.3 British Columbian voters said no because they thought it would give the Qubecious too much power. -
Parti Quebecois returned to power
With the previous events of the Constitution debate, the Quebecois elected the separatist Parti Quebecois. Quebec still wanted sovereignty-association and was upset they have not achieved it yet. -
2nd Referendum on Sovereignty Association
Premier Jacques called a referendum on a full sovereignty. When the votes were counted 49.4% of the Quebecois voted yes. -
Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court Decision
This bill was introduced since they came within 0.4% winning the 1995 referendum which would allow Quebec to separate from Canada. They need to make it clear as to what a majority vote would look like. The Supreme Court was brought this discussion where the House of Commons would decide what a clear majority is.
