-
Conscription The French were not in support of sending more troops to the European front because they felt they had already contributed enough.
-
National Union This was a political party that was lead by Maurice Duplessis. It supported provincial autonomy, conservatism, a strong economy, and a rural lifestyle.
-
Maurice Duplessis He was a roman Catholic and political conservative who strongly avoided English influence, and supported provincial rights. It was a time of poor working conditions, because he discrouraged working unions. As well, Maurice Duplessis encouraged languages, religion, and philosophy be emphasized in education.
-
Conscription Mackenzie King promised that there would be no conscription for overseas fighting, but in 1940, he made it compulsory for men to serve on the home front defense.
-
Maurice Duplessis He was a roman Catholic and political conservative who strongly avoided English influence, and supported provincial rights. It was a time of poor working conditions, because he discrouraged working unions. As well, Maurice Duplessis encouraged languages, religion, and philosophy be emphasized in education.
-
Separatist Movement The separatist movement in the '60s was a political movement fuelled by Quebec to separate from the rest of Canada. There were some radical groups that used violence to achieve their goals (FLQ).
-
Jean Lesage, the leader of the Liberal Party, which hoped to control more decisions affecting the future of Quebec.
-
[Royal Commission on Bilingualism ](Bi& Bi Commission (Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism) investigationby Lester B. Pearson) This commission brought about big changes in federal and provincial language policy. It was a response to growing unrest amongst the French/ Canadian Population, and they hoped to promote and improve cultural relations among Canadian society.
-
FLQ The FLQ qas a separatist group that was centered in Montreal. The party was known for their use of violent actions used to achieve their goals.
-
Canada's New Flag The new flag was introduced to Lester B. Pearson in 1964, and it was designed to portray the message, "Canada from Sea to Sea." There was a committee built to decide on the design, and the vote was unanimous for the simle maple leaf design.
-
Canada's Immigration Changes Canada changed its means of letting in prospective immigrants to the country. From this point onward, they assesed candidates based on education, ocupational skills, employement possibilities, age, and language capabilities, and they were let in if they scored over 50 out of 100 possible points.
-
Trudeau becomes PM In 1968, Pierre Trudeau becams the leader of the Liberal Party, and won the election to be the Canadian Prime Minister.
-
Official Languages In 1969, French and English were passed as the official languages of Canada. All provinces were then required to provide services in both French and English from this point onward.
-
October crisisAfter growing separatist sentiments, the FLQ stepped up their acts of aggression by kidnapping British diplomat, James Cross. Their goal was to hold him hostage & only release him when the government released FLQ prisoners. FLQ later kidnaps Pierre la Porte. Trudeau enacts WMA but LaPort's strangels body is found in the trunk of a car.
-
Trudeau enacts Multiculturalism Act ** Trudeau is Federalist NOT French separatist ** Multiculturalism encouraged people to express their cultures & in doing so, would de-emphasize the French as the only cultural group in Canada.
-
Bill 22 This made French the only language of Quebec. (Not bilingual like the rest of Canada).
Rationale: declining birth rates in Quebec saw the slow death of French Canada.
Bill 22's other name was "The Charter of the French Language" -
Sponsorship Program Families and businesses could 'vouch for' or sponsor a new immigrant, meaning they would take responsibility for the new person's set up in Canada so they would not need welfare services.
-
Bill 101Similar to Bill 22 but also requires all signage to change to French in Quebec, all government offices, schools... Everywhere. This party was led by Renee Levesque who promised separatism by holding a provincial referendum.
-
-
Bill 101 PassedAKA: Charter of the French Language This made French the only language of Quebes. But many French Canadians felt Bill 101 was a symbol of oppression as it discouraged their movement outside Quebec & their ability to conduct business with English Canada.
-
Quebec Referendum Rene Levesque asked people of Quebec to vote 'yes' to negotiating a new agreement with Canada based on Sovereignty-association. He proposed that Quebec become politically independent, yet maintain a close economic relationship of Canada. Referendum results; 40% yes to sov-association, 60% no.
-
-
Constitution Background: BNA Act in Britain: Trudeau wanted to have the Charter of Rights & Freedoms added to it & bring it home. 1st, he needed to come up with an Amending Formula in there where any changes to be made. Unfortunately, the Premiers could not agree on that formula. They stumbled on a Kitchen Compromise. See readings.
-
Reform Party PM Brian Mulroney wanted Quebec's signature on the Constitution with 'honour' and 'enthusiasm'. Reform Party is born out of feelings of:
1) Western Alienation
2) Fr/Eng Rift
3) Senate Reform
4) Aboriginal Self Government -
Bloc Quebecois PM Mulroney calls a conference at Meech Lake proposing Constitutional amendements. Purpose:
- Recognize Quebec as a Distinct Society
- Give more power to the provinces
-
Canadian Multiculturalism Belief in the Canadian Mosaic.
US - the USA's 'melting pot'
Discouraged assimilation but encouraged expressing your culture -
Charlottetown Accord PM Mulroney continued the constitution debates. Charlottetown Accord proposed:
1. Reforming th senate
2. Aboriginal Self gov't
3. Universal Health Care
4. Workers rights
5. Environmental protections Called it the Canada Rounf because there was something for every province.
54.5% of Canadians rejected Charlottetown because there were too many clauses. They felt ther issues were not -
-
Referendum Quebec is angered by constitution debates and re-elected Parti Quebecois leader Jacques Parizeau. He calls a referendum on full sovereignty. 49.4% Quebecois vote yes, 50.6% vote no.
-
Clarity Bill PM Chretien sent the issue of Quebec separation to the Supreme Court (1998). Courts rule that que. Didn't have the right to separate & would have to negotiate with 9 other provinces. Clarity Bill follow up .
