-
WWI Conscription Crisis
WWI Conscription Crisis By the middle of the war French Canadians felt they had done enough in the European theatre and opposed sending more troops to the front. This strained relations between French and English speaking Canadians. -
Period: to
Duplessis/ Era of Great Darkness
Duplessis was known for supporting the Catholic Church and Catholic education. Resulting in Quebec schools graduating many teachers, philosophers and theologians not businessmen, entrepreneurs, etc... As a result, Quebec's economy becomes stagnant/ -
Union Nationale Party Created
Union Nationale The Union Nationale Party was created which won 6 provincial elections between 1936 and 1966. -
WWII Conscription Crisis
WWII Canadian ConscriptionWWII Conscription CrisisAfter the WWI conscription crisis By 1942 reserves were startlingly low and Hitler had control of all of Europe, raising the need for conscripts. Mackenzie King refused to conscript Canadians in 1939. By 1943 Hitler had conquered much of Europe and Canada was required to conscript. English speaking Canadians voted for conscription but French voted against. -
-
Front de liberation du Quebec LQ party is formed
FLQAn extreme separtist organization is created which launched violent attacks against various political figures. -
Quiet Revolution
Quiet RevolutionIt was deemed the "Quiet Revolution" because there was no bloodshed. Lesage actually won the election under the motto "Maitre chez nous" -meaning masters of our own house. Jean Lesage replaces Duplessis after his death and starts modernizing education, politics, and culture. -
Bi& Bi Commission (Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism) investigation by Lester B. Pearson
The Official Languages Act
The Royal Comission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism who discovered that French Canadians alienation from the rest of Canada was growing and problematic. The Commission recommended bilingualism in an attempt to unify the country. This led to the Official Languages Act of 1969. -
Canada’s New Flag
Canada adopts a new flagUnder the Pearson government it was decided to have a flag without a British symbol on it. Also acted as a means to verify the country. -
Canada’s Immigration Policy becomes “Colour Blind”
Canada's Immigration RegulationsPrior to ths the immigration policy was restrictive, giving preference to English speaking (British or US) applicants. Now the policy was based on the Points System were applicants were scored. Jobs in need in Canada were given higher points than jobs in less demand etc... -
Trudeau Becomes Prime Minister
Pierre TrudeauPierre Trudeau is elected as Prime Minister. He is a federalist. He spent 16 years in office (4 terms). -
Official Languages Act is Passed
Official Languages ActMade Canada a bilingual nation. This was a product of the research and fact finding mission of the Bi- and Bi Commission. -
FLQ Crisis (Oct 5, 1970) aka October Crisis,
October CrisisA crisis involving the kidnapping and murder of Pierre Laporte and the kidnapping of James Cross. It also included other acts of terrorism. The FLQ was a group supporting Quebec separtism. -
Policy of Multiculturalism
Canadian Multiculturalism PolicyTrudeau introduces the official policy of multiculturalism. This policy encouraged people to express their multiculturalism throughout the country, making residents feel at home in Canada. -
Bill 22 introduced by Robert Bourassa
Bill 22Bill 22 passed by the legislature July 1974 made French the language of civic administration and services, and of the workplace in Quebec. -
Bill 101 introduced by Parti Quebecois, Rene Levesque
Bill 101The PQ introduced bill 101 (Charte de la langue francaise), replacing bill 22 making French the only official language of Quebec. -
Immigration policy moves to ‘sponsorship program’
Family sponsorshipThis program allowed for the sponsorship of immigrants, as a result Canada became increasingly international -
Parti Quebecois wins provincial election in Quebec
PQ comes to power The Liberal Government of Robert Bourassa was plague by scandals and incompetence. By 1976, the Quebec electorate was ready for a change and the main campaign theme that the PQ promoted was good government. The PQ won the election with 71 seats. -
Bill 101 passed
Bill 101After Bill 101 was passed Quebec was seperated. On one hand people thought it was necessary to protect French language and culture but on the other hand it alienated Quebec from the rest of Canada and immigrating or moving out of Quebec was very difficult. -
Referendum on Sovereignty Association
Quebec ReferendumLevesque's government called for a referendum and asks Quebeckers vote yes to negotiating a new agreement with Canada based on sovereignty-association. He proposed that Quebec become politically independant, yet maintain close economic relations with Canada. The result was 40% yes to soverergnty-association and 60% no. -
Constitution Act
Patriation of the ConstitutionTrudeau went ahead with the new constitution signed by Queen Elizabeth II. -
Patriation of the Constitution
Patriation of the ConstitutionTrudeau wanted authority over the BNA because he wanted to include a "Charter of Rights & Freedoms" but some premiers were converned over the amount of power each province's legislature could be given. There was a lot of negotiating required by the provinces and resistance from Quebec as Levesque was not included in the negotiations. -
Brian Mulroney becomes Prime Minister
Brian MulroneyMolroney promised to gain Quebec's consent to the costitution with honour and enthusiasm. But Canada had other problems (growing western alienation due to oil crisis of 1970s, Alberta and Newfoundland wanted senate reforms, Ottawa awarded a multi-billion dollar contract to Quebec rather than Winnipeg) -
Meech Lake Accord
[http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/meech-lake-accord/](Meech Lake Accord)PM Mulroney called premiers to conference at Meech Lake proposing amendments to the constitution. One amendment recognized Quebec as a distinct society and gave more power to provinces. -
Bloc Quebecois Formed
Bloc QuebecoisQuebeckers felt it was Canadians rejecting Quebec. The desire to separate increased to 64% by the late 1990s. Lucien Bouchard resigned from Cabinter in protest and formed the Bloc Quebecois. -
Reform Party Created
Reform Party of CanadaThe reform party was created. The party's platform included traditional prairie populist reform ideas such as free trade and direct democracy (referendums, initiatives and recall), and some contemporary proposals such as the Triple-E (equal, elected and effective) Senate. -
Department of Multiculturalism formed
[http://www.pier21.ca/research/immigration-history/canadian-multiculturalism-act-1988](Canadian Multiculturalism Act)This department provided a legislative framework for the official policy of multiculturalism adopted in 1971. -
Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court decision
Quebec ReferendumChretien follows up which states that any future referedum, Quebec must ask a clear question and win a clear majority - making it impossible for Quebec to gain independance from Canada through referendum. -
Meech Lake Accord
Meech Lake AccordManitoba, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland withhold support and the accord disintegrates. Manitoba, led by Elijah Harper, opposed Meech because it didn't recognize aboriginals as a "distinct society". -
Charlottetown Accord
Charlottetown AccordA new proposal by PM Mulroney.
1. Reforming the senate making it an elected body with equal representation from all parts of the country
2. Aboriginal self-government
3. Universal health care
4. Workers rights
5. Environmental protection
54.5% of Canadians rejected this because there were too many clauses that were too easy to find fault in. -
-
2nd Referendum on Sovereignty Association
Quebec ReferendumQuebec is angered by constitution debates and re-elect PartI Quebecois in provincial election (Jacques Parizeau). Parizeau calls referendum on full sovereignty Oct 30, 1995. 49.4% vote yes, 50.6% vote no.
