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WW1 Conscription Crisis
Conscription Crisis French Canadians did not approve in the idea of conscription as Canada needed troops and the French did not find the need to suopport the war. -
Creation of the Union Nationale Party
Led by Maurice Duplessis until his death. The party of a generation, the Union Nationale defended provincial autonomy, conservatism, economic liberalism and rural life. -
Period: to
The Duplesiss Era/The Great Darkness
The Duplesiss Era: He was Quebecs premier and was strongly against the centrilization led by the govt'. It gave the provinces little power The Great Darkness: Duplesiss was strong about the old ways and kept Quebec from progressing. Roman Catholic church backed him up and discouraged people going to schoo. -
WW2 Conscription Crisis
WW2 Conscription Canada needed troops during the dark days of the war and even though King promised no conscrtiption English Canadians were in support of it and again French were not. -
Front de liberation du Quebec LQ party is formed
Was a separatist paramilitary group in Quebec.[1] Founded in the early 1960s, it militantly supported the Quebec sovereignty movement. It was active between 1963 and 1970, and was regarded as a terrorist organization for its violent methods of action -
Quiet Revolution Begins
was a period of intense socio-political and socio-cultural change in Québec. characterized by the effective secularization of society, The creation of a welfare state, and realignment of politics into federalist and sovereignist factions and the eventual election of a pro-sovereignty provincial government in the 1976 election -
Separatist Movement
Quebec wanted to break free from Canada -
Maitre Chez Nous (Jean Lesage, Liberal Party Campaign slogan)
Known as the father of the Quiet Revolution, he led his province during that modernizing period of profound change in the collective life of Québec. Modernizing Québec society and secularizing it — pulling it out from under the thumb of the Catholic church. -
Canada’s New Flag
Under the Pearson govt, he moved to a flag design which unified Canada and showed independance from Britain -
Canada’s Immigration Policy becomes “Colour Blind”
Prior to this immigration policy was quite restrictive and excluded people from Asian countries. Now we were removing those restrictions by using a Points System, points awarded by professors in demand in Canada at time of immigration -
Period: to
Bi& Bi Commission (Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism) investigation by Lester B. Pearson
An investigation on how Eng Canadians felt about French and vice versa. Sought to solve feelings of misunderstanding, alienation and prejudice -
Trudeau Becomes Prime Minister
Although a Fr-Canadian he is a Federalist who believes in one unified Canada -
Official Languages Act passed
Making French the 2nd official language. Canada was a byproduct of the Bi & Bi Commissions recommendations. by passing it. Trudeau wanted to show French introduction into the favor of Canada -
The War Measures Act
Emergency regulations were proclaimed in response to two kidnappings by the terrorist group, Front de Liberation du Quebec. The FLQ kidnapped British trade commissioner James Cross, and kidnapped and murdered Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte. As authorities grappled with the crisis, more than 450 people were detained under the powers of the Act; most were later released without the laying or hearing of charges. -
FLQ Crisis/aka October Crisis,
The FLQ has stepped up their radical seperatist activity by kidnapping British diplomat, John Cross. The FLQ would only release Cross of FLQ prisoners were given amnesty for crimes against Canada. Trudeau responds with War Measures Act. But FLQ the kidnapped and killed Pierre La Porte, Quebecs Labour minister -
Policy of Multiculturalism
This policy was meant to de-emohasize Quebec and the French as the only cultural group in Canada. It attempted to recognize all immigrants as unique and encouraged them to express themselves. Result: Canada becomes more international -
Bill 22 introduced by Robert Bourassa
Liberal Premier, R. Bourassa introduced Bill 22 making French the official language of Quebec (not bi-ling province like others). Rationale: Fr birth rates were declining but immigration was increasing. Bourassa feared the disappearance of the French language -
Parti Quebecois wins provincial election on Quebec
PQ party is led by Renee Levesque and promises Quebec separation by first holding a province-wide referendum on the issue -
Immigration policy moves to ‘sponsorship program’
The policy allowed citizens of Canada to "support" or "sponser" outside applicants to Canada. This required that those who sponsered people were legally and financially responsible for the new immigrants.
Benefit: New immigrants not on or reliant on social welfare programs -
Bill 101 introduced by Parti Quebecois, Rene Levesque
Bill 101 aka Charter of the French Language replaced Bill 22. Made French the official language of Quebec. (Govt receives, offices, retail, etc.. operated only in French) Some French-Canadian people saw this as a symbole of oppression -
Bill 101 passed
Bill passed -
Referendum on Sovereignty Association (include the results of the referendum)
Levesque asked people of Quebec to vote "yes" tp negotiating a new agreement with Canada based on severeignty-association. He proposed that Quebec become independant, yet maintian a close economic relationship with Canada
40% yes
60% no -
Patriation of the Constitution.
Trudeau wanted this authority becasue he also wanted to include a "Charter of RIghts and Freedoms" but some Premiers were concerned over the amount of power each province's legislature would be given. -
Constitution Act
The Constitution Act, 1982 enshrined the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution, and completed the unfinished business of Canadian independence — allowing Canadians to amend their own Constitution without requiring approval from Britain. -
Brian Mulroney becomes Prime Minister
As prime minister and leader of the Progressive Conservative party, Brian Mulroney brought in the landmark Free Trade Agreement with the United States, and oversaw passage of the unpopular Goods and Services Tax. Mulroney’s tenure was also marked by his efforts to persuade Québec government to sign the Constitution; despite extensive consultation and negotiation but failed. -
Reform Party Created
Promised gain Quebecs consent to the consitution 'with honor and enthusiasim' -
Bloc Quebecois Formed
Is a federal political party in Canada devoted to the protection of Quebec's interests in the House of Commons of Canada, and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty -
Meech Lake Accord
The Meech Lake Accord, an agreement between the federal and provincial governments to amend the Constitution by strengthening provincial powers and declaring Québec a "distinct society." Political support for the Accord later unravelled, and it was never put into effect. -
Department of Multiculturalism formed
The Canadian Multiculturalism Act is a law, passed in 1988, that aims to preserve and enhance multiculturalism in Canada.- All citizens are equal and have the freedom to preserve, enhance and share their cultural heritage.
- Multiculturalism promotes the full and equitable participation of individuals and communities of all origins in all aspects of Canadian society.
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Meech Lake Accord Deadline
On June 23, 1990, the deadline for signing the Accord, Elijah Harper, a Native Member of Parliament, refused to give his approval. The Federal Government then offered to push back the deadline, but this would force Quebec to ratify the document once more. This situation irritated Clyde Wells, the Premier of Newfoundland, and he refused to have his parliament vote on the Accord. This signified the death of the Meech Lake Accord. -
Charlottetown Accord
A failed, joint attempt by the government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution, specifically to obtain Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act of 1982. The Accord would have also decentralized many federal powers to the provinces, and it was ultimately rejected by Canadian voters in a referendum. -
Parti Quebecois returned to power
The Parti Québécois was returned to power with 44.7 per cent of the votes and 77 seats in the National Assembly — a strong majority. -
2nd Referendum on Sovereignty Association
Was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada. Solely by the provincial Parti Québécois
49.4% yes
50.6% no -
Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court decision
Is legislation passed by the Parliament of Canada that established the conditions under which the Government of Canada would enter into negotiations that might lead to secession following such a vote by one of the provinces
