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3400 BCE
Ancient Science: Egypt
Due to the Nile river being navigable and producing fruitful harvest when it would flood. It laid the perfect foundation for one of the longest lasting empires of all time. Due to the Nile being relatively easy to irrigate crops. Egypt became one of the richest kingdoms of its time. Allowing for the blooming of some of the most influential foundations for civilization. Like writing, mathematics and astronomy. -
Period: 3000 BCE to 2300 BCE
Ancient Science: Ancient cities
Little is know of the civilization of the indus river valley. But at their time they were one of the largest civilizations with over 1500 sites to their cities thanks to the fruitfal agriculture they recieved by the river flooding twice a year. They developed a form of writing and even collected taxes. It is belived the civilization was lost due to conquest from the caucasus. -
Period: 1600 BCE to 1200 BCE
Ancient science: Ancient China
Thanks to the agricultural advancement of rice. Chinas population exploded, reaching over 115 million by 1200 BCE. Due to this increase in trade and agriculture the chinese had to find a way to transport all these goods. Completed in 1327. The grand canal streched 1,100 miles from bejing to Hangchow. And utilized water locks that we still use today. -
500 BCE
Ancient Science: Mayan Calendar
For this period I wanted to focus on an underrepresented group that has made many advancements for their time despite not being in contact with the east. They Mayans had a calendar that very closely reflected our calendar we use today. Except theirs was 18 months with 20 day periods. Theirs was close but not exact to the calendar we use today. -
300 BCE
Ancient Science: Roman concrete
The Romans have been using concrete as early as 300 BCE. They used it to build things such as roads, bridges, structues and historic structures like the collusium. They would make it by mixing limestone with volcanic ash and then cure it with seawater. Due to the fall of Rome this method of concrete wouln't be made again until the 19th century. -
Scientific Revolution: Galileo Galilei Astronomy
Before the events of the scientific revolution it was widely believed that earth sits in the center of the universe and everything revolves around us. In 1604 Galileo observed Kepler's supernova and came to a conclusion that they were distant stars and disproved Aristoteles theory about unchanging heavens. Other things he contributed to astronomy were the refracting telescope, and he found that Jupiter has moons. This was influential in astronomy and the way people though they knew the universe. -
Scientific Revolution: Refractive Telescope
A refracting telescope redirects light when it hits the lens to magnify an object instead of reflecting it. This telescope was invented by Hans Lippershay in 1608. But his patent was unsuccessful but news of this patent traveled to Galileo Galilei who successfully created a version of his own. While this was the most powerful telescope at the time it had some drawbacks like poor image quality due to the lens. But this certainly paved the way for more powerful telescopes like Hubble or Webb. -
Scientific Revolution: Adding machine
Developed by Blaise Pascal and Wilhelm Schickard in 1642 The adding machine revolutionized how we calculate mathematical problems. While it could only do addition and subtraction, the user would add numbers using dials and then using a turn of a crank the final answer would show up on the rotary wheels. While simple, this laid the groundwork for future inventions of calculators and fundamentally changed the way we handle mathematical equations. -
Scientific Revolution- Maria sibylla merian
For this event I would like to focus on a woman who was not only a trailblazer in STEM, but in the beginning stages of the field of naturalist science. Maria was a renowned natural scientist known for her contributions to the advancement of entomology. She was originally a painter that, because of her interest in painting bugs started collecting caterpillars and studying their process of becoming a butterfly. She would eventually wrote a volume detailing her findings on metamorphosis. -
Scientific Revolution: Calculus
While some forms of calculus appeared in ancient Greece and China. It was Isaac newton that developed the version that we still use today. In short the study of calculus can be defined as the mathematical study of continuous change. Today many advancements in science and engineering would not be possible without calculus. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution: The factory and the assembly line
Prior to the events of the industrial revolution, people almost used nothing outside of what themselves and their local community crafted. Most people worked on a farm and would occasionally trade for other goods. But thanks to the Textiles, railway, sewing machines and gun industry, new methods needed to be used to meet the demand for these products. This in turn created the factory system we use today where everyone shows up in the same building to make products that can be sent anywhere. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution: Woman in the workplace
Due to the massive shift of people moving from rural farming zones to more urban populations. Families were usually poor and every member of the family was expected to support. Because of this a huge increase of woman and children were seen in the factory and coal mines. Unfortunately they were almost always paid much less than men and were subject to horrible working conditions. But this led to the rise of the feminist movement and more woman demanding equal rights. -
The second scientific revolution: Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics as a major field of science can be traced back to the mid 19th century as a simple desire to increase the efficiency of the steam engine. French physicist Sadi Carnot is regarded the father of thermodynamics, because in his book "motive power of fire". He was the first person to scientificly study the steam engine and see how it truly worked. Thermodynamics would be regarded as a true science in the 1850s when the first law regarding energy cannot be created or destroyed. -
Industrial Revolution: The railway
Thanks to the invention of the steam engine, industrialist were starting to realize the potential of track guided engines to carry freight making the canal system obsolete. In 1821 George Stephenson built the first set of rails from Stockton to Darlington. It wouldn't be until 1830 when a true steam locomotive would be traveling that route. This revolutionized freight and passenger travel across great distances for years to come. -
Industrial Revolution: The Telegraph
The Telegraph Fundamentally changed the way we communicate over long distances. In 1833 on the back end of the industrial revolution William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone invented their primitive version of the telegraph which was later used for train conducting. The same time in America Samuel morse made his version of the telegraph much simpler in design. It eventually led the the invention of morse code and would later go on to be replaced with thing we use today like the telephone. -
Industrial Revolution: Sanitation
Because of the increase of urban population and the factory setting where groups of people were close together. In 1854 a cholera outbreak killed 616 people. People at the time thought that cholera was caused by particles in the air. But John Snow later determined it was caused by contaminated drinking water. This was influential to modern day public health and pandemics as it brought awareness to sanitation and diseases and determined that most diseases are preventable. -
The Second Scientific Revolution: Evolution
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Best know for his theory in natural selection and evolution, made his theory that all species of life come from a common ancestor accepted as a field of science. This is the theory that as the environment continues to change, our traits will evolve to conform around it. While this can be a divisive theory, It helps us understand more of where we and all life came from. -
The Second Scientific Revolution: QWERTY
Right now your probably making these timelines with a keyboard. And more specifically a keyboard with the qwerty layout. But why do we use this design and not just strait down the alphabet? Well, in 1873 Christopher Sholes, a newspaper editor came up with this layout to slow down typist so they didn't continue to jam typewriters. The system became extremely popular thanks mainly to its implementation of the shift key and is of course the layout we still use today. -
The Second Scientific Revolution: The lightbulb
Although Thomas Edison did not technically invent the first lightbulb (it was a series of inventors that paved the way for his version). His version was by far the most practical and efficient. Using a carbonized bamboo filament inside a bulb and heating it, his lightbulb could last for around 1,200 hours. Lighting homes and cities around the world at the end of the 19th century to now. -
The Second Scientific Revolution: Skyscrapers
Thanks to the innovations of Englishman Henry Bessemer, who invented the process for mass producing steel. Allowed buildings to be built taller and wider due to the increased support steel provides. The first skyscraper to be made with this steel is the Chicago home insurance building built in 1885. Many subsequent skyscrapers were made shortly after this project, including the new York world building and the Tacoma building. This invention changed how our cites and businesses are built. -
Information and space age: Refrigerator
A lot of us take for granted the convenience of putting our food in a fridge to keep it fresh for a few weeks. But before the 20th century, people never had that. Fortunately in 1913 the first electric fridge was made by Fred Wolf. This would technically be the first refrigerator but not the first to be mass produced to the general public. Well, in 1918 William Durant introduced the first automatic controlled fridge that is affordable. This would be a huge convenience in the way we store food. -
Information And Space Age: Atomic Bomb
In the latter moments of WW2 after the fighting in europe concluded, war in the pacific was still as fiery as ever. The start of the manhatten project was formed in 1942 thanks to the discovery of nuclear fission in 1938. Under the direction of Robert Oppenheimer, the first use of the bomb was in new mexico in 1945 and then subsequently used to end the war in japan. This solution to a temporary problem would create lasting fear throughout the world and would change how we conduct warfare. -
Information And Space Age: Spacecraft
October 4th 1957, the soviet union quite literally launched the world into the space age with it's successful launch of the first satellite to orbit the earth, sputnik 1. At just 184 pounds, sputnik successfully transmitted radio waves back to earth where people could tune in to what it's broadcasting. This would cause America to enter the race with the U.S launching the explorer in 1958. Closely followed by the soviets being the first to launch man into space in 1961 with the Vostok 1. -
Information And Space Age: Apple 2
Although not apple's first personal computer, the apple 2 is the first apple product to achieve financial success and kickstart apple into the company we know today. Introduced by Steve Jobs and Wozniak, this computer with its 8 bit screen and it's 4 Kb of ram would be know as the first computer that any ordinary person could use. It was user friendly with its colorful user interface, and sold around 6 million units. This would kickstart many computer companies to market to the ordinary person. -
Information And Space Age: The Cell Phone
In the mid 1970s there were many experiments to the idea of a handheld mobile device, by the late 1970s wireless networks were already being tested on a small scale. But in 1984 Martin Cooper, a engineer at Motorola, was passionate for this project because of two way communicator seen in star trek. In 1984 he developed the Motorola dynatac (more commonly known as the brick) it would weigh a ton and priced at a hefty $4000. This would revolutionize the way we communicate in our day to day life.