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The duke of Lerma was the main valido of Felipe III
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Felipe III signed a truce with the United Provinces
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Felipe IV initiated a much more aggressive policy. Spain went back to war against the United Provinces.
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- Catalonia rejected the Union of Arms and started a revolt, which was eventually crushed
- The situation in Portugal also grew worse because of the tax pressure from the Union of Arms.With the support of other Europeans powers, Portugal became independent.
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The Thirty Years' War come to an end when the Peace of Westphalia was signed
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In the Treaty of the Pyrenees, Spain ceded different territories in Europe to France
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Juan José de Austria, became the valido of Carlos II
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Carlos death without offspring.
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When Carlos II died, in his will he named Philip of Bourbon as his heir. This led to the War of the Spanish Succession, which ended with the victory of the French Bourbon dynasty