-
1171
Henry II reclaims Ireland for the English crown
In October King Henry II (first King of England to set foot on Irish soil) landed with a large army to assert control over the Anglo-Normans and the Irish --> because of church reform reasons -
The Ulster Plantation
English and Scottish people were •encouraged to move to northern Irelandafter the Irish Catholics were defeated, •most of the Irish catholic land, was settled by the English soldiers and was also confiscated -
The Gaelic Rrising
Gaelic rising/ Irish rebellion wanted to end anti-catholic •discrimination --> big war developed into a widespread rebellion •and ethnic conflict with English and Scottish Protestant settlers --> Scottish military intervention -
The Battle of the Boyne
It was fought along the Boyne River in Ireland between King William III (a protestant king) and king James II (a Catholic from the Scottish House Stuart). It established the protestant supremacy in Ireland for many centuries. -
The Act of the Union
With the Act of Union in 1800, Ireland merged with Great Britain to form the UK. Therefore Ireland lost its parliament in Dublin. Ireland wanted to remain in UK but also have some form of Self-government. Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood sought complete independence for Ireland, so the planning for Easter Rising began. -
The Great Famine
Due a series of wet summers, the potato beetle thrives in Ireland and ravages vast fields of potatoes. As a result, the Irish experience several consecutive years of crop failure, rendering thousands of Irish farmers impoverished and without food for their families. In the following years, drones of Irish people leave their home to seek their fortune abroad: wave after wave of Irish paupers emigrate to the United States. -
1st Home Rule Bill
he First Home Rule Bill, was the first major attempt made by a British government to enact a law creating home rule for part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It was introduced on 8 April 1886 by Liberal Prime Minister William Gladstone to create a devolved assembly for Ireland which would govern Ireland in specified areas. The Irish Parliamentary Party under Charles Stewart Parnell had been campaigning for home rule for Ireland since the 1870s. -
The Easter Rising
The Easter rising was carried out primarily in Dublin. The Rebel leaders and their 1.600 followers seized the general post office. Later on one of the leaders read a proclamation of declaring Ireland an independent republic. The public didn’t support them, so days after the government of Great Britain crushed the Rebels. Around 450 people were killed and 2.000 wounded. -
Period: to
The Irish War of Independence
The Irish War of Independence was a Guerilla conflict between The British State and forces in Ireland and IRA. Parallel with the military campaign was the political confrontation between the separatist party Sinn Fein, after winning the General Election 1918. They declared the Irish Republic. Parallel with the military campaign was the political confrontation between the separatist party Sinn Fein. From 1917 to 1922 the conflict produced 2.500 deaths. -
Northern Ireland is established
On the 3. May 1921 Northern Ireland was created after the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland divided Ireland into two separate self-governing polities. The conditions of the separation were put down in the „Government of Ireland Act 1920. Most of northern Irelands population were unionists, who wanted to remain in the UK. Unfortunately the partition was followed by a lot of violence. -
Period: to
The Irish Civil War
The Irish Civil War was a conflict between the provisional Government (pro treaty) and the Irish Republican Army (IRA) (anti-treaty) about whether or not to accept the anglo-Irish treaty. The anglo Irish treaty is an agreement between the Government of the UK of GB and Ireland and representatives of the Irish Republic, which settles that the Irish Republic can be an independent republic. The conflict was won by the pro treaty forces of the Irish free State. -
The Republic of Ireland Act
signed on December 21st, 1948
came into force on April 18th, 1949
declared the Irish Republic as a free state
> no longer part of the UK or the commonwealth
There are five sections -
Beginning of the Troubles
Catholic “nationalists” versus the Protestant “loyalists” in North Ireland
mainly took place in Belfast and Derry
started because of the unfair treatment and discrimination by the Protestant-controlled government and police
period lasted about 30 years
biggest events were:
1. Police Charge Protestors in Derry
2. Violence at Burntollet Bridge
3. Battle of the Bogside
4. Bloody Sunday
5. Good Friday Agreement (= the end) -
Bloody Sunday
Bloody Sunday Ireland
- When? 30.January.1972
- Where? Derry, Northern Ireland
- What?
- Roman Catholic civil rights supporters wanted to demonstrate against the persistent disadvantage by the British authorities
- Suddenly the British started to shoot and opened a fire with rubber bullets and 13 people died, 14 people got injured some of them were only 17 years old
- After three months the Army leadership was told that their intervention was appropriate so nothing happened -
The Republic joins the EU
The Republic joins the EU
- When? 1. January. 1973
- What?
- Then: Ireland was the poorest state in Europe and the unemployment was high
- Now: Ireland is the new role model for many European countries
- Joined —> economic boom
- Secret: Between 1973 and 2002 Ireland received more than 35 billion euros which they invested into education
- Made themselves independent from Great Britain because they invented their own Irish currency and paid no longer with the British pound -
Anglo-Irish Agreement
The ongoing IRA campaign on british mainland during the 80s and the attack on the UKs PM Thatcher in 1984 forcier Thatcher into diplomatic steps to de-escelate the situation and to decrease violence. The Anglo-Irish Agreement Grave the Irish government an advisory role in Northern Ireland‘s government while confirming that there will be no change in the constitutional Position of Northern Ireland unlesbar a majority of Northern Ireland‘s Citizen voted to join the Republic. -
The Good Friday Agreement
The Good Friday Agreement or Belfast Agreement is an agreement between the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
The three main points named strands were the inner structure of Northern Ireland, the relationship between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland and the relationship between the UK and the Republic of Ireland.
The agreement contained 65 pages and was released on the 10th of April in 1998. -
The Northern Ireland Assembly
The Northern Ireland election Act in 1998 formally established the Assembly in law under the name New Northern Ireland Assembly. The first election of members of the New Assembly was on 25 June 1998. But this assembly was suspended in 2002 to 2007 so the members met in an assembly which is technically known as “the assembly established under the Northern Ireland act 2006. -
A visit by HM Queen Elizabeth II to Northern Ireland
On the 17th of May to the 20th of May in 2011 the Queen Elizabeth ll. and her husband Prince Philip visited Ireland after an invitation of the president.
The first time after a hundred a monarch visited Ireland.
The visit was seen as a symbolic normalisation of Republic of Ireland-United Kingdom relation following the signing of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.