The Great Peninsular Kingdoms (13th-15th centuries) Crown of Castile

By elenapili
  • 1212

    Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa

    Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
    The victory made possible to advance to the Guadiana and Guadalquivir valleys. Ferdinand III (1217-1252) and his son Alfono X (1252-1284) led much of the expansion. This battle allowed the Castilians to cross the Sierra Morena, and expand further south.
  • Period: 1217 to 1252

    Ferdinand III

    Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
  • 1230

    Definitive union of Castile and Leon

    Definitive union of Castile and Leon
    The Kingdom of Leon occupied baja Extremadura (1228). After the union of Castile and Leon, Ferdinand III conquered the Gudalquivir valley, and Alfonso X reached Huelva and Cadiz.
  • 1244

    Ferdinand III occupies Jaen

    Ferdinand III occupies Jaen
    Ferdinand III conquers Jaen, it was the first city to be conquered in the Guadalquivir valley, after las Navas de Tolosa
  • 1244

    Treaty of Almizra

    Treaty of Almizra
    Alfonso X of Castile and James I of Aragon sign the treaty of almizra, which meant that Murcia remained part of Castile.
  • Period: 1252 to 1284

    Alfonso X

    Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
  • 1262

    Alfonso X conquers Niebla

    Alfonso X conquers Niebla
    Alfonso X conquers NIebla, it was the first victory in order to control the Gibraltar strait.
  • 1273

    Foundation of the Mesta

    Foundation of the Mesta
    The monarchy created the Mesta in 1273 to protect the sheep owner's interests.
  • Period: 1284 to 1295

    Sancho IV

    Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
  • Period: 1295 to 1312

    Ferdinand IV

    Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
  • Period: 1312 to 1350

    Alfonso VI

    Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
  • 1340

    Battle of Salado

    Battle of Salado
    At the end of the 13th century, the Marinid Kingdom in North Africa went to the aid of Granada, the last Muslim Kingdom on the Peninsula, to regain Gibraltar. Alfonso XI of Castile defeted the Muslims in the Battle of Río Salado.
  • 1344

    Alfonso XI occupies Algeciras

    Alfonso XI occupies Algeciras
    Alfonso XI occupies Algeciras, which is in Cádiz nowadays.It was an esential battle for the total conquest of the Gibraltar strait.
  • Period: 1350 to 1369

    Peter I

    Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
  • 1369

    Beginning of the Trastámara dynasty in the Crown of Castile

    Beginning of the Trastámara dynasty in the Crown of Castile
    Henry of Trastámara, the king's (Peter I) illegitimate brother, promised the nobles he would expand their privileges if they helped him removed Peter I from the throne, and a violent civil war began.
    Henry II became the new king (1369-1379) beginning the Trastámara dynasty. He granted lands and privileges to the nobles to thank them.
  • Period: 1369 to 1379

    Henry II Trastámara

    Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
  • Period: 1379 to 1390

    John I

    Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
  • Period: 1390 to 1403

    Henry III

    Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
  • Period: 1406 to 1454

    John II

    Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
  • Period: 1454 to 1474

    Henry IV

    Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
  • Period: 1474 to 1504

    Isabella I

    Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
  • 1475

    Second Civil war in Castile

    Second Civil war in Castile
    This war resulted from the death of Henry IV. Henry's sister, Isabella, challenged Henry's daughter for the throne. Isabella continued to assert her royal authority and proclaimed herself queen of Castile
  • 1492

    Conquest of Granada.

    Conquest of Granada.
    The crisis in the 14th century stopped the expansion of the Christian kingdoms. A border with Granada was established until 1492, when it was finally conquered.