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First Generation (1st Gen)
In late 1945 researchers at the Moore School of the University of Pennsylvania powered up a machine that was 100 feet long, 10 feet high, and 3 feet deep. It contained 17,000 vacuum tubes, about 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, and 6,000 switches. The ENIAC was the first fully electronic computer. Designed and developed by J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly, ENIAC had a serious defect. The computer required rewiring with each new problem, consuming from 30 minutes to a full day. -
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First Generation (1st Gen)
In late 1945 researchers at the Moore School of the University of Pennsylvania powered up a machine that was 100 feet long, 10 feet high, and 3 feet deep. It contained 17,000 vacuum tubes, about 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, and 6,000 switches. The ENIAC was the first fully electronic computer. Designed and developed by J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly, ENIAC had a serious defect. The computer required rewiring with each new problem, consuming from 30 minutes to a full day. -
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Second Generation (2nd Gen)
The second generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Transistors were widely used in computers from 1956 to 1963. Transistors were smaller than vacuum tubes and allowed computers to be smaller in size, faster in speed, and cheaper to build. The first computer to use transistors was the TX-0 and was introduced in 1956. Other computers that used transistors include the IBM 7070, Philco Transac S-1000, and RCA 501. -
Second Generation (2nd Gen)
The second generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Transistors were widely used in computers from 1956 to 1963. Transistors were smaller than vacuum tubes and allowed computers to be smaller in size, faster in speed, and cheaper to build. The first computer to use transistors was the TX-0 and was introduced in 1956. Other computers that used transistors include the IBM 7070, Philco Transac S-1000, and RCA 501. -
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Third Generation
The third generation of computers introduced used IC (Integrated Circuit) in computers. Using IC's in computers helped reduce the size of computers even more than second-generation computers, and also made them faster. Nearly all computers since the mid to late 1960s have utilized IC's. While the third generation is considered by many people to have spanned from 1964 to 1971, IC's are still used in computers today. Today's computers have deep roots going back to the third generation. -
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Fourth Generation (4th Gen)
The fourth generation of computers took advantage of the invention of the microprocessor, commonly known as a CPU (Central Processing Unit). Microprocessors, with integrated circuits, helped make it possible for computers to fit easily on a desk and for the introduction of the laptop. Early computers to use a microprocessor include the Altair 8800, IBM 5100, and Micral. Today's computers still use a microprocessor, despite the fourth generation being considered to have ended in 2010. -
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Fifth Generation
The fifth generation of computers is beginning to use AI (Artificial Intelligence), an exciting technology with many potential applications around the world. Leaps have been made in AI technology and computers, but there is still room for much improvement. One of the more well-known examples of AI in computers is IBM's Watson, which was featured on the TV show Jeopardy as a contestant. Other more recent examples include ChatGPT and the introduction of and AI PCs.