The Rise and Fall of The Roman Empire

Founding of Rome

753 BCE

• Was founded by twin brothers Remus and Romulus, on April 21, 753 BCE -Romulus was the first king of Rome
• This took place at the Tiber River in central Italy
• Rome's goal was to eventually expand to the Mediterranean

Roman Republic Being Established

509 BCE

• The Roman republic started due to the ending of the Roman Monarchy, 509 BCE
• Shift in a system of government, going from kings too elected officials and a Senate
• The establishment was located along the Tiber River, in central Italy

The Punic Wars

Period: 264 BCE to 146 BCE

• The war was divided into 3 seperate wars, fought between Rome and Carthage -Main objective of war was too conquer the Mediterranean
• The second war include Hannibal's famous crossing of the alps
• Wars were taking all over the place such as North Africa, Sicily, and present- day spain

Ceaser Crossing the Rubicon

49 BCE

• This act against Rome caused a civil war between Pompey and Caesar (Fall of Rome)
• The Rubicon was located in Northern Italy
• This was the beginning of Caesar's growth of power

Ceaser's Death

44 BCE

• Assassinated by close friend Brutus and a group of senators, in a plan to restore power in the senate
• The assassination took place in Rome, located at the Senate House
• This lead to the rise of Octavian, who became the first emperor of Rome

Rise of Augustus

27 BCE

• Augustus's real name is Octavian -His father is Julius Caesar
• He was given this title by the Senate
• His power declared the end of the Republic and the rise of the Empire
• Augustus changed rome's governance for centuries to come

The Battle of Teutoborg Forest

9

• Alliance, led by Arminius, destroyed regions in the Teutoburg Forest
• This Battle was considered one of Rome's worst military mistakes
• It took place in modern-day Germany

Battle of Actium

31

• Navy Battle between the armies of Octavian, against Mark Antony and Cleopatra
• This victory solidified Octavian's control of Rome
• The Battle took place at the Ionian Sea which is off the coast of Western Greece
• This marked the start of the imperial phase in the Roman Empire

Emperor Nero

54

• Became leader in 54 BCE, known for his rule of persecution of Christians
• Accused of starting the Great Fire of Rome, leading to the discussion of the city
• Nero's rule ended in 68 CE with suicide, which had taken place in Rome

Great Fire of Rome

64

• Happened July AD 64, leaving many hurt and lasted over 6 days
• Many important buildings were burnt down and suffering became an issue with the population
• Historians believe that Emperor Nero cause these fires, so he could remodel the city

Descrustion of Jerusalem

70

-Happened in AD 70, when General Titus led Roman militaries, to destroy the city and take out the second temple
- This lead to separation of the Jewish people, and knocked out Jewish sovereignty in the area for years to come
- Took place in Jerusalem, which is the most important area in Judea
- Showed the power Rome had over the Easter Mediterranean

Reign of Emperor Trajan

98

• His reign lasted from AD 98 to 117, during this time he was known for expanding the Roman Empire to more land -One journey he went on was the conquest of Dacia, which later on went to be modern-day Romania
• Trajan only cared for the people, he had built massive public projects and revamped the Roman Empire
• This lead to Trajan

Hadrian's Wall's

122

• Big Roman fort built during the reign of Emperor Hadrian
• Goes across the Northern area of England, from the Solway Firth to the River Tyne
• Represents the symbol of Roman power, also showing the importance of the Roman authority in England

The Edict of Caracalla

212

• Granted free Roman citizenship by Emperor Caracalla
• This increased the rights of million Romans, and also increased their cohesions.
• This edict was in Rome, yet affected areas such as North Africa, Near East, and Europe

Battle of Milvian Bridge

312

• Took place near Rome, Battle between Maxentius lost to Emperor Constantine
• This win led to the Edict of of Milan, which had legalized Christianity and ended separation in Rome
• Paved the way for Christianity and gave it real belief in the religion in Rome

Adoption of Christianity

313

• In 313 CE, Christianity was announced as the official religion for Rome
• This made christians go from little and unknown, to being profoundly dominate
• This edict was issued in Milan, Italy

The Division of the Roman Empire

395

• Emperor Theodousis, split Rome into two separate areas, the Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire
• This was important because this was the start of the complete ending of Rome
• Eastern Roman Empire was known as the Byzantine Empire, this division took place in Rome and Constantinople

The Sack of Rome

410

• Happened in 410 CE, when King Alric ruined and tarnished the city with his group named Visigoths
• This showed the major decline in the Western Roman Empire, and the increase of their power and authority
• Took place in Rome, showing the vulnerability of what used to be a dominant Oligarchy

The Last Roman Emperor

476

• The last Emperor of the Western division was Romulus Augustulus
• His Fall represented the fall of Rome because they happened at the same time
• This event happened in Rome but mostly in Western Rome

Fall of Western Roman Empire

476

• Romulus Augustulus, was killed by a German Odoacer
• Showed the end of Rome's dominance in the west, and brought us into the Medevil period
• The biggest thing that came out of this was the decline of power and uprise of barbarian kingdoms