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Start of the 30-year War
it was a war waged in Central Europe (mainly the Holy Roman Empire) between 1618 and 1648, in which most of the great European powers of the time intervened. This war marked the future of Europe as a whole in later centuries. -
End of the 30 years War.
The Thirty Years' War came to an end with the Peace of Westphalia and the Peace of the Pyrenees, and was the highlight of the rivalry between France and the Habsburg territories (the Spanish Empire and the Holy Roman Empire) by hegemony in Europe -
Beginning of the French Revolution
The French Revolution marks the beginning of the Contemporary Age by laying the foundations of modern democracy, which places it at the heart of the 19th century. Opened new political horizons based on the principle of popular sovereignty -
Vienna Congress
International meeting
Restoring borders in Europe
Balance of power
Monarchical principle of legitimacy -
Start of the Industrial Revolution
Urbanization
Imperialism (extension of territory by resources)
Technological evolution
Commercial exchange, cultural interconnection
Economic growth (globalization)
Classism (change in socioeconomic structure) -
Russo-Japanese War
Russian Revolution of 1905
Russian defeat
The Rising Sun
"That a non-Western country could defeat an established power in a war conflict was particularly inspiring for several independence movements around the world" -
First World War
Treaty of Versailles: New distribution and new configuration of the European map
United States as world power
Extreme material destruction in Europe
Middle classes impoverished, working masses suffered loss of purchasing power
Nationalist movements -
Bolshevik Revolution (Russian)
Collapse of the absolute monarchy and the tsars
Establishment of the communist government
Formation of two ideological blocks: communism and capitalism. -
Treaty of Versailles:
New distribution and new configuration of the European map
United States as world power
Extreme material destruction in Europe
Middle classes impoverished, working masses suffered loss of purchasing power
Nationalist movements -
League of Nations
Peace
Reconstruction of international relations
International cooperation
Collective security