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Jim Crow Laws
These laws enforced racial segregation from the 1890s until the 1960s, around 3/4 of a century.
Credit: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/freedom-riders-jim-crow-laws/ -
NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was created to get rid of discrimination towards colored people and allow them more opportunities socially, politically, and economically. It is still in existence today.
Credit: http://www.naacp.org/ -
CORE
CORE was the Congress of Racial Equality. This was an African American civil rights organization that was created to encourage nonviolent direct action. It became a leader in the Civil Rights Movement.
Credit: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/congress-of-racial-equality and -
Martin Luther King, Jr.
At this time, Martin Luther King, Jr. became a leader in the rising Civil Rights Movement. He was a strong activist and fought for civil rights peacefully.
Credit: https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king-bio.html -
Brown v. Board of Education
In this Supreme Court Case, the Court decided that it was unconstitutional for there to be race-specific schools.
Credit: https://www.britannica.com/event/Brown-v-Board-of-Education-of-Topeka -
SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization whose first president was Martin Luther King, Jr. It was created as a peaceful, non-violent organization.
Credit: http://nationalsclc.org/ -
Little Rock Nine
Little Rock Nine was a group of 9 African American students who attended Little Rock High School in 1957. Their enrollment was an effect of Brown v. Board of Education, but the situation ended up with more troubles, resulting in Cooper v. Aaron.
Credit: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/central-high-school-integration and http://historycollection.co/24-photographs-nine-students-changed-world/ -
Greensboro Woolworth Sit-ins
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests. Students sat at the Woolworth's lunch counter, and, after being denied service, refused to leave. They did not act violently.
Credit: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/the-greensboro-sit-in and http://www.blackpast.org/aah/greensboro-sit-ins-1960 -
SNCC
SNCC stood for Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. It was a civil rights group formed by students in order to give younger African Americans the chance for their voice to be heard.
Credit: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/sncc and -
Malcom X
Malcom X was a civil rights activist who did not practice nonviolence. He said that he would help the African Americans gain freedom through "any means necessary".
Credit: https://www.biography.com/people/malcolm-x-9396195 -
James Meredith at Ole Miss
James Meredith, an African American man, attempted to enroll in the University of Mississippi. At the time, this was an all-white school. This caused an outrage on the Ole Miss campus and violence ensued. 31,000 National Guardsmen were called to be reinforcement on the campus.
Credit: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/ole-miss-integration and https://www.npr.org/2012/10/01/161573289/integrating-ole-miss-a-transformative-deadly-riot -
John F. Kennedy's Role in the Civil Rights Movement
At first, Kennedy was reluctant to support such a controversial movement. However, he did later support it. His approach was not viewed by others as being the best way to handle the situation. He did not directly address it, though he did do things to help it. On this day, violence erupted in Birmingham and many people realized that Kennedy's approach was not working.
Credit: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/jfk-domestic-politics/ -
Stokely Carmichael's "Black Power"
Stokely Carmichael was a civil rights activist who came up with the slogan "black power". He was a part of the SNCC at supported MLK's approach, but later moved on to supporting the self-defense approach.
Credit: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/stokely-carmichael and https://notevenpast.org/stokely-carmichael-a-life/ -
Lyndon B. Johnson's Role in the Civil Rights Movement
President Johnson was a strong supporter of the Civil Rights Movement. He signed into action the Civil Rights Movement of 1964.
Credit to: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/07/02/day-history-president-lyndon-b-johnson-signed-civil-rights-act-1964 and http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/lyndon-johnson-civil-rights-racism -
24th Amendment
The 24th Amendment eliminated poll taxes and made it easier for African Americans to vote.
Credit: https://www.southerncoalition.org/anniversary-24th-amendment-look-ncs-modern-day-poll-taxes/ -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act ended segregation in public places. It also banned discrimination based on race, religion, gender, or nationality.
Credit: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act and https://www.thoughtco.com/women-and-the-civil-rights-act-3529477 -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This act aimed to fix issues caused by the 15th Amendment, thus actually allowing African Americans and all other races the right to vote.
Credit: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/voting-rights-act and https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/06/lbj-signs-voting-rights-act-aug-6-1965-241256 -
Huey Newton and the Black Panthers
Huey Newton was an African American civil rights activist and communist. He and Bobby Sheale worked together to found the Black Panthers, a political group which used violence to fight for African American rights.
Credit: http://blackpower.web.unc.edu/2017/04/the-founders-of-the-black-panther-party-huey-p-newton-and-bobby-seale/ -
The Kerner Commission
This was an 11-member Presidential commission created by Lyndon B. Johnson in response to the race riots in 1967. They discovered the main cause to be racism.
Credit: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/kerner-commission-report-released and http://www.lawyersgunsmoneyblog.com/2018/03/the-kerner-commission -
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
On this day, Martin Luther King Jr. was shot by James Earl Ray at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. He was in the city to support a strike by local sanitation workers.
Credit: https://abcnews.go.com/US/assassination-martin-luther-king-jr/story?id=54095424
