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The Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott had began on December 1, 1955 and came to an end on December 20, 1955. Some of the important people that were involved during this boycott included Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks. The boycott was being done because the Africans wanted segregation to come to an end after Rosa Parks had gotten arrested for not giving up her seat to a white. Instead of riding the buses, they had began to car pool or walk to work. -
The Sit-in Movement
The sit-in movement was a nonviolent approach to protest in the south in which African American citizens would "sit in" at establishments where they were denied service to make a statement. The four young men that started this were Joseph McNeil, Ezell Blair, Jr., David Richmond, and Franklin mcCain. They had began these movements in over 100 cities at stores, restaurants, hotels and movie theaters that had been segregated. -
The Little Rock 9
The Little Rock 9 consisted of nine courageous African American children who were determined to be the first ones to integrate Central High School's population of 2000 white kids. The supreme court ruled that all public school would allow African American children and White children in one school. Green, was the first African American student to graduate from central High School. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
This act gave African American people the same rights as the white Americans. Esinhower had gotten this act passed once he came into office. They were given the right to vote. Also, the southern states had to treat all color and race as one. The act was able to bring power of the federal government into the civil rights debate as well. It was able to create a civil rights division that gave it the authority to seek court injuctions against anyone that was interfering with the right to vote. -
Freedom Riders
The Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961. ALso, they had wanted to create a change by challenging Jim Crow Law.They wanted to bring attention to the unconstitutionallaws that were being used in the south. Some important people were MLK, Ralph Abernathy (leader of Civil Rights Movement), Stokley Carmichael and Joan Trumpauer Mulholland. -
James Meredith and the Desegregation of the University of Mississippi
James Meredith had applied for a tansfer to the University of Mississippi but the university refused to comply with ruling of the Supremem Court. The governor of Mississippi refused to let Meredith enroll in his university even though he had a court order.Therefore, President Kennedy then sent 500 troops with Meredith so he can get escorted into the campus. Many were angry and began mob fights, leaving 160 marshals wounded. Though, Meredith soon began attending regualar classes. -
Protests in Birmingham
MLK moved the new center of protest to Birmingham after the events that occured in Mississippi. The Africans had began protesting because they believed that this would be the only way to get President Kennedy to actively support civil rights. After days of protesting, MLK was thrown in jail & he wrote a litter that put together the most eloquent defenses of nonviolent protests. After he was released, the protests had began again which led to President Kennedy to order a new civil rights bill. -
The March on Washington
In efforts to help Kennedy push the civil rights bill through Congress, A. Philip Randolph suggested a march on Washington. Therefore on August 28, 1963, more than 200k people of all different races marched Washington D.C. They all gathered together and gave speeches and sang. Martin Luther King also delivered his speech that outlined his dream of freedom and equality amongst all Americans. Though, Congress did what they could possibly do to slow down the process of having the bill established. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act was one of the most comprehensive civil rights law Congress had ever enacted.It allowed the federal government to prevent racial discrimination in many different places. Also, this act made segregation illegal. It also establisjed te Equal Employment Opportunity Commission which monitored the ban on job discrimination. President Johnson had been able to get this act passed after commiting himself to Kennedy's program as he came into office. -
The Selma March
Martin Luther King and the SCLC chose to make Selma their focal point for the voting rights campaign.They organized a march for freedom that began in Selma and ended in Montgomery. John Lewis and Hosea Williams led 500 protestors toward US Highway 80. The protestors were told to disperse by more than 200 state troopers, but they remained and prayed on their knees. The troopers then began to be violent and left 70 of the protestors wounded. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Act of 1965 was passed by the Senate which authorized the U.S. attorney general to send federeal examiners to register qualified voters. By the end of the year, more than 250k African Americans had been registered to vote. This inevetibly led to 100 African also holding positions in office in the year of 1965. This act marked a turninig point in the civil rights movement bevause the movement was able to achieve two of its major legislative goals. -
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. had been standing outside on his hotel balcony in Memphis. A sniper had aimed at him and shot him, killing him. Many people were touched by his death. Although people continued the work of Dr.King, none of the accomplishments were able to match those he had achieved himself. In honor of King's death, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968 that contained a fairhousing provision outlawing discrimination. His death marked the end of civil rights movement era in history.
