-
The last emperor of the Qing dynasty abdicated
In February 12 of 1912 Sun Yixan, leader of the Kuomintang(*1), overthrow the last emperor of the Qing dynasy. After this event he became the president of the new Republic of China. He based his government in "The Three Principles of the People"(*2) *1: Kuomintang ->The Nationalist Party
*2: "Three Principles of the People" -> nationalism, people´s rights, people´s livehood" -
Period: to
The chinese revolution
-
Yuan is dead, Civil War happens
In 1913 Yixan gave the precidency to Yuan Shikai but when he died the Civil War in China began. Yixan trided to reorganize the country but he couldn´t. This war was very brutal because it took away many lives and many cities were destroyed. This war was happening at the same time as the World War I was happening in Europe. -
The May Fourth Movement
On this day more than 3000 students, workers, manufacturers, and shopkeepers gathered in the center of Beijinn to protest and tried to overthrow the European imperalists. This large group was leaded by Mao Zedong. He was a student, who later was considered China´s greatest revolutionary leader, turned against Yixian´s beliefs to satrt following Lenin´s Soviet communism. -
The Chinese Communist Party
From this day, small groups of smart people met in some universities to discuss communist ideas. Yixian wanted to unite all revolutionary groups so he included some communist ideas to the Kuomintang so he could ally with the new Communist Party. But he couldn´t, so he accepted an offer from the Soviets. -
Peasant Revolution
Jiang, as president, promised democracy and political rights to all Chinese and improvement of the Chinese peasants´ life but he didn´t accomplish those promises. This led the peasants to turn towards the Communist Party. Mao Zedong survived this terible "war" so he started creating his on brand of communism focused on China´s settings. This is the begenning of the China´s Civil War. -
Jiang Jeshi became the presidant of the Nationalist Republic of China
After Yixian´s death Jieshi took the leadership of the Kuomintang, most of his followers were bankers and businesspeople. At the beginning his Nationalist group and the Communist party were allies, but then Jienshi turened against the communists. In 1927 he formed troops and then killed many communists. After all those wars he became the president of the Nationalist Republic of China. -
The Long March
This started with the bloody civil war between the Nationalists and the Communists. The first fight was when the Nationalists attacked the Communist but they couldn´t defeat them. in 1933, JIang gathered an large army to try a second time. But the Communist Party realizing they were outnumbered, they feld and started a 6,000-mile-long-journey (Long March). THe Communists and the Nationalists fought several times and this dispute lasted more than a year. About 10-30% of the Communists were safe. -
Japanese Invation
The Japanese attacked brutaly China. There was a lot of bombings and fights that killed thousands of Chinese. This attacks damaged many farms that then cuased many deaths due to starvation. After this Japan ruled a large part of China. -
Internal Struggle
The Communist ruled northwestern China ans the Nationalists had control of southwestern China. And these two groups constantly went into war. -
United States aids the Nationalists
Between 1942 and 1945 the United States aided the Nationalist group with army and $1.5 billion. Even though they had a great amount of advantage, the nationalists weren´t so popular. So most of the people changed to the communist group. -
China splits into two nations
As Mao Zedong gained most of the terrtory the Nationalists went to Taiwan. The Communist China was called the "People´s Republic of China" and the Nationalist Chian was called the Republic of China. This slpit was the cause for the intensification of the Cold War. -
The two nations react
The United States helped the nationalists settle in Taiwan. Meanwhile the Soviets were aiding the Communists. After those events, this two nations divided Korea into Soviet-supported Communist north and U.S.-suported south. -
Communist China expands
In 1951 Communist China expanded into South Tibet, India, and Inner Mongolia. -
Marxism socialism in China
Mao zedong wanted to reshape China´s economy using Marxism socialism. First he created the Agrarian Reform Law (that consisted of collective farms, 200-300 people leaving in the same farm). Also he made women equal at home and at work. Finally he changed the industry by making al the companies private or owned by the government. This lead to theproduction increment of coal, cement, and electricity (it tripled) and the output of steel quadrupled. -
Mao´s Communes
To succeed in the five-year plan, Mao created the "Great Leap Forward". This consisted of communes (*1). This wasn´t a good plan because workers didn´t like to live in this farms with that big amount of pepole. This caused a really bad famine because the crops were damaging.
*1: communes -> collective farms -
China is transformed
In 1959 Mao Zedong decided to divide the Comunist Party in two parallen organizations. These two were: the Communistb Party ans the National government. And of course Mao was the head of this two organizations. -
Mao´s response and Red Guards
Mao started to face internal and external problems. The most terible wan was the separation of the Soviet Union and the Communist China. After the "Great Leap Forward" failure and the separation from the Soviet Union, Mao started to reduce his role in the government. Later he told the Senior and th college students: "Learning revolution by making revolution." Many of those students followed Mao and they were called the Red Guards (Militia formed by students following Mao to the cultural rev.) -
The Cultural Revolution
The goal of this revolution was to make peasants and workers equal. To accomplish this thy¿ey had to execute many intellectuals. and while all this was happening wars in KOrea and Vietnam were starting.
