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Period: 800 to 1400
Feudalism
-European monarchs became more powerful (Absolut Monarchy)
-New forms of skilled craftsmenship & trade
-Bourgeoise became wealthier & powerful
-Humanism developed
-Advances in science & philosophy
-New artistic styles -
Absolute Monarchy
came to predominate in Western Eurpoe, the crown had unlimited authority, whis was belived to came from God -
Period: to
Ancient Régime
Is a period that covers the 17th an 18th centuries,political,economic and social transformations took place. -
Louis XIV of France
He did not call the Estates General,so that it would not be able to limit his power. -
Period: to
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
New way of thinking. Enlightenment thinkers criticised the structures of the Ancien Régime. -
Period: to
Enlightened despots
Did not allow their subjects to participate in political life. For this reason they were identified with the phrase " everything for the people but without the people" made by Rosseau. -
Period: to
Enlightened despotism
Enlightened despotism (also called benevolent despotism) referred to a leader's espousal of "Enlightenment ideas and principles" to enhance the leader's power. The concept originated during the Enlightenment period in the 18th and early 19th centuries. -
Period: to
The bourbon reforms
The bourbons adopted measures to achieve administrative uniformity through Spain,
Central government; the creation of ministers, the unification of the various Cortes and Castilla´s imposed laws on Aragon as punishments for not supporting Felipe V in the war.
Regional government; Spain´s division and the intendant introduction. Local government; introduction of "the corregidor" to the municipalites and sthe new Aragon´s tax introduction. -
Start of the War of the Spanish Succession
It was an international conflict that went on for 12 years approximately. Its fundamental cause was Carlos ll death, that left Hapsburgs line without heirs. That created a serious problem over the succession -
Philip of Anjou succession
Carlos ll named Philip of Anjou as his succesor of the Spanish throne. He was from the bourbon dinasty and was a grandson of Louis XIV. He was supported by the crown of Castilla. -
Period: to
Dynastic change
Political developments in Spain were the result of this change,as the Hapsburgs were replaced by the bourbons. -
Prlimentary Monarchy
The parlimentos of England and Scotland signed a series of agreements. They became known as United Kingdom of Great Britain -
End of the War of Spanish Succssesion
The war ended with the treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt that were made in one year (between 1713-1.714).As a result of these agreements;
-Austria gained lands from Spain, including Milan and the Spanish Netherlands, while Great Britain gained Gibraltar and Menorca.
- Philip of Anjou became Felipe V, King of Spain. This last point was the start of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. -
Reign of Frederick ll of Prussia
Ruled the Kingdom of Prussia, was the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king, at 46 years. He was an Enlightened despot.He modernized the Prussian bureaucracy and civil service and pursued religious policies throughout his realm that ranged from tolerance to segregation. Frederick also encouraged immigrants of various nationalities and faiths to come to Prussia. He supported arts and philosophers. -
SPIRIT OF THE LAWS
Montesquieu writest a book focused on separation of powers. -
ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
State shouldn't intervene in the process of production or exchange of good. -
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA
The Encyclopédie is most famous for representing the thought of the Enlightenment. According to Denis Diderot in the article "Encyclopédie", the Encyclopédie's aim was "to change the way people think" and for people to be able to inform themselves and to know things. The main Encyclopédie's were Diderot and D'Alembert. -
SOCIAL CONTRACT
Social contract is an actual or hypothetical compact, or agreement, between the ruled and their rulers, defining the rights and duties of each. It is associated with the philosopher Rousseau. -
Reign of Catherine the Great of Russia
She came to power following a coup d'état that she organised. She was an enlightened despot. -
Reign of Joseph ll of Austria
Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism; however, his commitment to modernizing reforms subsequently engendered significant opposition, which resulted in failure to fully implement his programs. He has been ranked, with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia, as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs. He was a supporter of the arts, and most importantly, of composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri.
