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1800s: Chalkboards and Slide Rules
James Pillans, a high school and college teacher in Edinburgh, Scotland, invented the chalkboard in the 1800s. The earliest chalkboards were level pieces of natural slate; later forms were painted green, which proved to be easier on the eyes. -
1900s: Pencils, Paper and Film Projectors
Around 1900, mass-produced pencils and paper replaced slates. In comparison to slates, they gave students the opportunity to write, correct and save their work. -
1940s: Mimeograph Machines and Ballpoint Pens
The mimeograph machine, the forerunner of the modern copier, provided students with access to worksheets, pre-written tests and take-home papers. Originally invented by Thomas Edison, mimeograph machines consisted of rotating cylinders that forced ink through typed stencils onto sheets of paper, which came out damp, purple and a little bit smelly. -
1950s: Television
Schools began instructional television (ITV) in the 1950s, utilizing an electronic technology developed by Philo Farnsworth during the 1920s. When first introduced, some people thought televisions might eventually replace classroom teachers.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwifnqiE6ePoAhWUBc0KHcFLDScQtwIwAXoECA0QMw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DKqROUu8fcrg&usg=AOvVaw3gZrDgbkxC9qiwnBxVUsIm -
1960s: Overhead Projectors
Roger Appeldorn, an employee of the 3M Company, invented the overhead projector in the early 1960s. Marketed specifically to businesspeople and teachers, the overhead projector allowed users to write on a clear piece of film and project their work on a screen, such as math problems. Although still in use, 3D projectors and high-definition document cameras with zoom features have mostly replaced overhead projectors. -
1970s: Handheld Calculators and Scantron Sheets
Jack Kilby, Jerry Merryman and James Van Tassel, three engineers at Texas Instruments, invented the handheld calculator in 1967
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=13&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwi16PH_6ePoAhXMVc0KHXd7AT8QFjAMegQIChAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vintagecalculators.com%2Fhtml%2Fthe_pocket_calculator_race.html&usg=AOvVaw1w1kyq2FlWrJUgdRCyzeVB -
1980s: apple computer
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1990s: smart boards are introduced
Smartboards are put into classrooms
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwintJ3t6ePoAhXUGM0KHYmZA3IQFjAAegQIAxAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sutori.com%2Fstory%2Fthe-history-of-interactive-whiteboards--5C5exCjBau8nH2en6pFXd5Ho&usg=AOvVaw0B02oEo-ZHiuD_F_lDKNJ5 -
2000s: technology gets bigger
according to the national center for education stats, about 99% of American schools have internet access. about 35% had access in 1994 -
Current
Unhackable internet
Hyper-personalized medicine
Digital money
Anti-aging drugs
AI-discovered molecules
Satellite mega-constellations
Quantum supremacy
Tiny AI
Differential privacy
Climate change attribution
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiGnvLJ6ePoAhWUG80KHdbmBKEQwqsBMAB6BAgKEAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DloFL5gT_m8I&usg=AOvVaw2aElRX-4msd_Z28h55B_AD
