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Tetanus Symptoms
Painting by Sir Charles Bell, First painting ilastrating the symptoms of tetanus for the first time. Symptoms include muscle spasms, drooling, excessive sweating, fever, hand or foot spasms, irritability, swallowing difficulty, and uncontrolled urination or defecation.
http://www.digplanet.com/wiki/Tetanus -
Arthur Nicolaier
Arthur Nicolaier isolated the strychnine-like toxin of tetanus from free-living, anaerobic soil bacteria. http://www.amazon.ca/Arthur-Nicolaier-1862-1942-descubridor-t%C3%A9tanos/dp/849849463X -
Antonio Carle and Giorgio Rattone
Antonio Carle and Giorgio Rattone performed more experiments to clearify tetanus better by demistrating the transmissibility of tetanus for the first time. They did this by ejecting pus from a person infected by tetanus into a rabbit. http://www.parmaelasuastoria.it/ita/I%20personaggi.aspx?idMostra=8&idNode=118 -
Kitasato
C. tetani was isolated from a human victim by Kitasato Shibasaburō. He showed that the organism could /make a disease when injected into animals, and that the toxin could be destroyed by specific antibodies. -
Edmond Nocard
Edmond Nocard showed that tetanus antitoxin induced passive immunity in humans, and could be used for prophylaxis and treatment. https://www.avma.org/News/JAVMANews/Pages/110201p.aspx -
P. Descombey
The tetanus toxoid vaccine was created by P. Descombey. Was used the most during World War 2. -
Fred Thomson
Fred Thomson was a silent film cowboy actor who became very popular in the 1920s. At age 38, he stepped on a nail and developed tetanus, which his doctor failed to diagnose. He died on Christmas Day of that year. It was a huge surprise and wake up call to many people.
http://www.doctormacro.com/Movie%20Star%20Pages/Thomson,%20Fred-NRFPT.htm -
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Death Toll
Deaths decreased from 272,000 in 1990, to 61,000 deaths in 2010. -
Uganda Deaths
In Uganda, 3,433 tetanus cases were recorded in newborn babies; of these, 2,403 died -
Non-Industrial Countries
In non-industrialized countries, 59,000 newborns died worldwide. -
Transmittion Article
Tetanus is not passed from person to person; it is unusual among vaccine-preventable diseases in this regard. Instead, tetanus is transmitted via the entry of Clostridium tetani bacteria into injured skin and underlying tissues. Surprisingly, tetanus infection is more likely from a minor wound than a major one, but this is because severe wounds are more likely to be properly treated and cleaned. The incubation period is between three and 21 days.
http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles -
Tetanus Eliminated in Uganda
Uganda was certified as having eliminated tetanus. -
FDA Approved
FDA approved the use of sanofi pasteur's Tenivac tetanus. https://www.vaxserve.com/index.cfm?fa=anon.catalog&category=835§ion=924&prodNum=6916&noscript=true&heading=9 -
Tetanus Video
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C. tetani
C. tetani is widespread in spore form in soil, as well as in the intestines and feces of animals (including cats, dogs, rats, guinea pigs, chickens, horses, sheep, and cattle). It also found on skin and has been found in contaminated heroin. Although C. tetani is heat-sensitive and cannot survive in the presence of oxygen in early stages of growth, C. tetani spores, , are extremely hardy. They can survive temperatures of nearly 250°F for 10-15 minutes, http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Clostridium_
