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Period: Dec 14, 1350 to
Renaissance
Means “rebirth”, period of time when moving into a new time. The europeans were amidst the “rebirth”. Turning point of humanism, new art, knowledge. -
Dec 10, 1450
Columbian Exchange
Refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the new and old world. Europeans and native americans were affected. They needed resources from each other. -
Dec 14, 1487
Moctezuma
Aztec empire that expanded its greatest size.The 9th emperor of the aztec empire. c) Spain invaded mexico and attacked the aztecs. -
Period: Dec 14, 1487 to Dec 14, 1547
Hernan Cortez
Spanish conquistador. Enemy of thousands of native americans. Claimed mexico for spain -
Dec 14, 1490
Iroquis League
Group of native americans from the north east. Native Americans. Because they lived in the woods, they had to take advantage of their resources and make things. -
Dec 15, 1490
1490s
Migrate- to go to one place to another. when the Paleo Indains came to Americas. Fisrt poeople in America.
Adobe-sun dried brick made of clay. Used to make houses -
Dec 13, 1492
Conquistador
Spanish explorers that went around the world. Spanish explorers. To claim new parts of the world for Spain. -
Dec 14, 1492
Christopher columbus
He sailed the ocean and discovered part of the world. The king and queen of spain lent him ships. Christopher columbus would not have found the americas. -
Dec 15, 1492
Prince Henry The Navigator
He sent portuguese ships to explore west coast of africa. His ships. Would not explored Africa if it was not for Henry. -
John Smith
Trekked across europe. Helped hungarys fight a war with the turks. -
Puritan
Group of english protestants. Founded by john calvin. Wanted a life only based on religios beliefs. -
Joint-Stock Company
Companies that allowed investors to pool money and make profit. Companies were initiated by the english. Investors wanted wealth in support of colonies that would hopefully yield profit. -
Northwest Passage
Passage of waterways and forest on northwest coast. Kwakiutl, nootka, and haidi inhabited the passage. Area that were perfect for native settlers. -
Presidio
Military base in San Fransico. Spain outpost. Important military base. -
Mestizo
Person of combined european and native american descent. The term was used in spain and spanish america. -
House of Burgesses
First representative body in colonial america. Founded by a governor. Authority to raise taxes and make laws. -
Mayflower Compact
Was first governing document of the Plymouth Colony. Was created by the pilgrims. -
William Penn
William penn was one of the earliest city planners. William penn govener of Pennsylvannia. Thought that people should not degrade others based off beliefs. -
Bacon's Rebellion
Rebellion by virginia settlers against the rule of governor William Berkeley. Led by Nathaniel Bacon. -
Habeus Corpus
Legal action of writing. Detainees can seek relief from unlawful imprisonment. -
English Bill of Rights
Bill created to seperate powers and enhances democratic election of freedom of speech. Limits the king and queen. The new colonies needed a new set of rights. -
The Great Awakening
evangelical and revitalization movement. Swept protestant europe and british america. Leave a permanent impact on american protestantism. -
Cash-Crop
Cops that can be sold for money Robert carter and many others such as farmers. Farmers needed to make money. -
Enlightenment
Intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries. New Colonies. Was ideas for the new world -
Mercantilism
Belief in the benefits of profitable trading. Trades. Many traders needed profitable balances. -
Salutary Neglect
Unofficial and long-term 17th and 18th century British policy of avoding strict enforcement. b) british and new world coloniesc) Meant to keep american colonies in good relationship with england. -
Magna Carta
Promised the protection of church rights, illegal imprisonment. b) agreed by king john of england. One of the first laws multiple rulers agreed toward. -
Middle Passage
American passage in the the south. Includes new york, delaware, new jersey, and pennsylvania. Passage was used for trade. -
Indentured Servant
A personal servant for pay. Many people from the caribbean were kidnapped and put into indentured servitude. People were having money problems and had no choice but to give in to indentured servitude. -
Period: to
1780-1800
Popular Sovereignty- Political doctrine that gave people the right to vote based off of amount in state.
Limited Government- political system in which power of the government is limited and spread out. Involved government
Separation of the Power- Equal separation of power in legislative government.
Checks and Balances- Power is separated into 3 branches so they have equal power.
Bicameral Legislature- two legislative or parliamentary chambers. Relationship is equal. -
Period: to
1780-1800
Articles of Confederation- first constitution of US. Ratified March 1, 1781.
Northwest Ordinance- Laws enacted about the east of mississippi river being settled.
Shay's Rebellion- protests between 1786-1787 against state and enforcements about taxes.
Great Compromise- Created dual system for US government.
The Federalist- 85 essays outlining US government, written by Jay, Hamilton, and Madison. -
Period: to
1800-1840
Interchangeable Parts- Parts that are exactly alike and can be made out of. Erie Canal- One of the most impressive projects for internal improvements. opened up trade routes
Cotton Gin- Cotton engine, fabricates cotton. MAde by eli Whitney. American System- Pre-civil war set of measures designed to unify the nation. Developed profitable markets.
Henry Clay- An american lawyer, politician, and skilled orator. Big supporter of the war hawks. -
Period: to
1800-40s
Monroe Doctrine- US foreign policy to keep europe from colonizing the western hemisphere. Made by monroe. Made it so that Europeans colonies could not colonize N. and S. America. Missouri Compromise- An agreement in 1820 between pro and anti slavery. Congress. so there would be equal nonslavery state as slave state. -
Period: to
1800s
Indian Removal Act- An act to move native americans from their homeland. Jacksonian Democracy- the political movement during the second party system. Tariff of Abominations- a tariff that reduced britain's exports to US. Nullification- A legal theory that a state has the right to invalidate any federal law. 2nd Great Aawakening- protestant revival, rejected the idea that god predetermined one's salvation. Open Community- a community that has high religious, moral ideas. -
Period: to
1800s
Wilmot Proviso- A treaty proposed to ban slavery in any territory acquired by mexico during the mexican war, Compromise of 1850- A package of five seperate bills passed by US congress in September 1850, it defused 4-year political confrontation between slave and free slave states. Underground Railroad- A network of secret routes and safe houses used by slaves. Harriet Beecher Stowe- A novelist who wrote about slave life in her book uncle toms cabin. -
Period: to
1860s
Alien and Sedition Acts- Four bills passed to give the president the power to deport illegal aliens. Marbury V Madison- A landmark US supreme court case that applied to the principle of "judicial review". Judicial Review- Doctrine after which legislative and executive actions were subject to review judicially. Louisianna Purchase- the acquisition of the louisiana territory by the US. Impressment- The act of taking men into a navy by force and with no notice. -
Period: to
1860s
Dorothea Dix- she created the first mental asylums. Nat Turner- led a rebellion of slaves and free blacks. William Lloyd Garrison- A prominant american abolitionist, journalist. Abolition Movement- An effort to end slavery in america. Seneca Falls Convention- First woman's rights convention. Elizabeth Cady Stanton- she held the first convention of woman's rights. Manifest Destiny- the phrase used during the expansion of america. Lone Star Republic- Name of the state that is currently now texas. -
Period: to
1800-1860
Cabinet- group of department heads who serve as the president's chief advisers. Alexander Hamilton- US first secretary of treasury. one author of Federalist paper. Tariff- an import tax on goods produced in europe. Loose Construction- A brand interpretation of a statute. Strict Construction- limits or restricts judicial interpretation. Whiskey Rebellion- Tax protest in US. AKA Whiskey Insurrection. John Jay- Member of New York Committee of Correspondents, helped write Federalist Paper. -
1860
War Hawk- Someone in politics who favors war. Andrew Jackson- Dismantled the second bank of US on policy grounds, Treaty of Ghent- the peace treaty that was signed by US and Britain. Hartford Convention- A series of meetings in which New England Federalist Party discussed problems with war. Congress members -
Anaconda plan
anaconda plan was a plan to put down the rebellions
Divide the south by controlling the mississipi river
used by union used in the battle of hampton road, the battle of shiloh
could of been more effective if it was used during the begienig of the war
plan was to cut off their resoures -
First Battle of bull run
Fairfax county and Prince Willaim county, Virginina
Both forces had about 18,000 troops. Gola was to was to attack the confederate capital. Battle ended up being a disaster for the union First major land battle. Union though it was going to be an easy battle. union forces 460 killed 1,124 wounded. Lincoln made a bill asking for 5,000 more soliders.
Leaders confederates P.G.T Beaureguard union irvin mcdowell -
Battle of Shiloh
located Pittsburg landing, Tennessee
union 66,000 Grant 13,000 casualties
confederate Beauregard 44,700
uinon captured forts Donelson and Hernry
union did not know confed was coming confed won bloodest battle in the war to this piont -
Battle of Antietam
union general McCallen
invade mayland
out number confed
on of the bloodiet one day battles
women 7 for union dreesed up as men
unoin won but was a draw
stopped the south invasion -
Period: to
Batle of Fredericksburg
union Ambrose
confed robert lee 200,000
One of the largest and deadlest battles
the union lost
union general had bad tactics
women helped with the cloths and blankets
Afican Americans were offered freedom or pay
led to the mud march of 1863
General Ambrose Burnside was let go by Lincoln because of bad tactition -
Period: to
Chancellorsville
Chancellorsville ,Virgina
union 97,000 solders 14,000 casuaties lost, General Joseph
confed 57,000 10,000 casuaties general lee
lee invaded maryland and pennsylvania -
Period: to
Siege of Vicksburg
last major south strong hold
union tried to stop their supplys
union won but more union died
union 157 kia 777 wounded
south 8 died
general pembertom surrendered to grant -
Period: to
Gettysburg
union won robert lee for south
lee tryed a second battle to invade the north
some women disgised as soliders -
Battle of Alanta
union won 34,000troops Willaim Sherman general
confed 40,000 general bell
after taking the city
infuenced lincoln realection
big moral boast for union -
Period: to
Shermans March to the sea
Walliam Sherman union 62,000 in 2 colums
confed vs tennesse and georgia had 13,000
The union destroyed livestock, farms, and homes and railroads freed alot of slaves -
Period: to
1865-1870s
14th Amendment-granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US. Including former slaves. African Americans. Back people were starting to become more equal.Sharecropping-system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share land. African Americans. Reconstruction- Second sence focused on transtormation of US. Us Congress. -
Period: to
1865-1870
Radical Republicans- a republican favoring drastic and usually repressive measures against the southern states in the S. Republicans. 15th Admnedment- gave blacs the right to vote. It made blacks feel more equal. Black Codes-any code of law that defined and especially limited the rights of former slaves after the Civil War. Involved exslaves. Ku Klux Klan- A clan the was anti everyone but protistien whites. Whites. -
Period: to
1870
Enforcement acts-3 bills passed bt the us that were criminal codes which protect Blacks right to vote to hold it in office. African Americans and congress was involved. federal law to define US citizens are equally protected by law. Freedmens Bureau-hep former black slaves and poor whites in the South.Carpetbrggers-Northeners who move dto the S. to take advantage of the political climate.