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Chief Justice: John Marshall
The most important ruling in the history of the Supreme Court was Marbury v. Madison. In this ruling, Marshall set up the process of judicial review. This allowed the Supreme Court to declare laws produced by Congress as unconstitutional. Another important ruling of Marshall's was in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland. In this case Marshall ruled that the Constitution gave the federal government some implied powers.( that not all the powers of the federal government were stated in consti) -
December 7, 1787 Admitted to Union: Delaware
The state's chemical industry was founded by DuPont's gunpowder factory in Wilmington in 1802.
It has the fewest number of counties of any US state with only three.
Delaware is only 35 miles across at its widest point. It is the second smallest US state.
The nickname the Diamond State doesn't come from there being a lot of diamonds. It comes from Thomas Jefferson who called Delaware a small, valuable jewel.
Delaware is the only state without any National Parks, historic sites, or memorials. -
December 12, 1787 Admitted to Union: Pennsylvania
The Constitution of the United States, the Declaration of Independence, and the Gettysburg Address were all written in Pennsylvania.
The first zoo in America was the Philadelphia Zoo.
The first public school in the American colonies was in Philadelphia. -
December 18, 1787 Admitted of Union: New Jersey
New Jersey has the greatest population density of any state, making it the most crowded.
New Jersey is a state of inventions. The FM Radio, the light bulb, the motion picture camera, and transistors were all invented in New Jersey.
The Atlantic City Boardwalk was the world's first boardwalk. -
January 2, 1788 Admitted of Union: Georgia
Atlanta, GA hosted the 1996 Centennial Summer Olympic Games.
It is the largest state east of the Mississippi River.
There is a giant carving (3 acres large!) on the side of Stone Mountain of Confederate leaders Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, and Jefferson Davis. You can see a laser show projected onto the carving at night during the summer. -
January 9, 1788 Admitted of Union: Connecticut
The state flag has three grape vines on it that stand for the original three settlements.
This state is home to the United States Coast Guard Academy.
Much of the US Constitution was taken from laws formed in early Connecticut by a document called The Fundamental Orders.
This state is the home to many inventions including the helicopter, sewing machine, vulcanized rubber (for tires), revolver, and the cotton gin.
Connecticut comes from a Mohegan word that means 'beside the long river'. -
February 6, 1788 Admitted of Union: Massachusetts
Volleyball was invented by William G. Morgan in Holyoke, Massachusetts.
Harvard was the first college established in North America.
Basketball was invented in Massachusetts by Jim Naismith. The Basketball Hall of Fame is located in Springfield. -
April 28, 1788 Admitted of Union: Maryland
Even though Maryland is a small state it has great skiing resorts AND beach resorts.
Maryland was named after Queen Henrietta Maria of England.
The National Aquarium is located in Baltimore, Maryland. -
May 23, 1788 Admitted of Union: South Carolina
The state tree of South Carolina, the Palmetto Tree, was used to build the walls for a fort on Sullivan Island. The rubbery trees were a great defense as cannon balls bounced right off them!
The first shots of the Civil War were in South Carolina at Fort Sumter.
Johnston, South Carolina is called the Peach Capital of the World. There is a giant water tower in the shape of a peach near Gaffney.
Before South Carolina adopted the Palmetto State as its nickname, it was called the Iodine State. -
June 25, 1788 Admitted of Union: Virginia
Virginia is named after Queen Elizabeth I of England who was called the Virgin Queen.
This state is the birthplace of 8 US presidents, more than any other state. They are George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, William Harrison, John Tyler, Zachary Taylor, and Woodrow Wilson. This includes seven of the first 12 presidents.
It is often called the 'mother of states' as portions of the original colony are now part of 6 different states. -
July 28, 1788 Admited of Union: New York
The headquarters of the United Nations is in New York City.
The New York City Subway is the largest subway system in the world. It has 722 miles of track.
Taxi cabs are yellow because the man who started the Yellow Cab company read that yellow is the easiest color to spot.
The index finger of the Statue of Liberty is 8 feet long.
The state was named by the English in honor of the Duke of York, who later became King James II. -
April 12, 1789 Admitted to Union: North Carolina
The largest home in the United States is the Biltmore Estate in Ashville, North Carolina.
The first successful flight of a mechanically powered airplane was performed by the Wright Brothers in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17,1903.
The first public university in the United States was the University of North Carolina.
Virginia Dare was the first child born in America in Roanoke, North Carolina in 1587. -
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Presidency of George Washington
George's presidency years went from April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797.
The two terms that Washington served as president were peaceful times. During this time, George established many roles and traditions of the President of the United States that still stand today. He helped build and guide the formation of the actual US Government from the words of the Constitution. He formed the first presidential cabinet which included his friends Thomas Jefferson (Secretary of State) and Alexander Hamilton. -
June 21, 1789 Admitted of Union: New Hampshire
New Hampshire was the first state to have its own state constitution.
The top of Mt. Washington in New Hampshire is said to have the worst weather on earth. A world record for wind speed was clocked here at 231 miles per hour!
Many of Robert Frost's famous poems were inspired by New Hampshire.
New Hampshire is one of the first states to hold presidential primaries. -
May 29, 1790 Admitted of Union: Road Island
The official name of Rhode Island is Rhode Island and the Providence Plantations.
The Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Rhode Island.
All the residents of the state live within about 30 miles from the water.
It was the last of the original thirteen colonies to become a state. -
March 4, 1791 Admitted of Union: Vermont
Vermont gets its name from two French words. They are 'vert' which means 'green' and 'mont' which means 'mountains'. So the state is named after its lovely green mountains.
It was one of the first states to outlaw slavery.
It is the second smallest state by population (after Wyoming).
Ben and Jerry's ice cream began at a gas station in Burlington, Vermont.
Vermont is the home of maple syrup. Got any pancakes?! -
June 1, 1792 Admitted of Union: Kentucky
The United States Bullion Depository (where it keeps its gold) is in Fort Knox, Kentucky.
Kentucky Fried Chicken is based in Louisville, KY.
Mammoth Cave in Kentucky is the world's longest recorded cave system. -
Whiskey Rebellion 1791-1794
First real test of the new United States Government's authority to enforce federal laws. In Western Pennsylvania, people used a lot of whiskey: both to use up extra corn and as money. The federal government passed a tax on whiskey in 1791. Farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax, saying it was like the Stamp Act all over again. Trouble brewed for a couple years until 1794, when farmers attacked federal tax collectors. President George Washington called out the national military. -
June 1, 1796 Admitted of Union: Tennessee
Tennessee borders 8 other states.
From Lookout Mountain you can see parts of 7 different states.
The three stars on the Tennessee flag represent the three major geographic regions of the state.
The 1996 Olympic white water events were held at Ocoee River in Tennessee.
The name Tennessee comes from the Native American words Tanasi or Tansqui. -
Washington's Farewell Address
Washington's Farewell Address, 1796. To announce his decision not to seek a third term as President, George Washington presented his Farewell Address in a newspaper article September 17, 1796. George Washington's Farewell Address in 1796 contained one major piece of advice to the country regarding relations with other nations: "avoid entangling alliances." Those words shaped United States foreign policy for more than a century. -
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Presidency of John Adams
Adams first served as Vice President under George Washington. He found this job boring and insignificant. However, when Washington stepped down, Adams ran for president and barely won over Thomas Jefferson in 1797.During his presidency, Adams' main accomplishment was keeping the United States out of war with France. France and Great Britain were at war and both wanted help from the US. The American public was divided. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
A series of laws known collectively as the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed by the Federalist Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President Adams. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote. -
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Presidency of Tomas Jefferson
Jefferson became the third President of the United States on March 4, 1801. One of the first things he did was try to reduce the federal budget, moving power back into the hands of the states. He also lowered taxes, which made him popular to many people. -
Marbury vs. Madison ( 1803 )
The case of Marbury v. Madison involves with the process of appointing these high-ranking government officials. The appointment procedure for Justices of the Peace required completion within a President’s term. An official appointment had to be made while the President was active in his duties. Marbury then sued James Madison asking the Supreme Court to issue a writ requiring him to send the documents necessary to officially make Marbury Justice of the Peace. -
March 1, 1803 Admitted of Union: Ohio
The first traffic light was in Cleveland, Ohio.
Akron is considered the rubber capital of the world.
Ohio is home to the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Seven presidents of the United States were born in Ohio. They are Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford Hayes, James Garfield, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, William Howard Taft, and Warren Harding.
The name Ohio probably comes from an Iroquois Indian word that means 'great river'. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase (French: Vente de la Louisiane "Sale of Louisiana") was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory (828,000 square miles) by the United States from France in 1803. -
Lewis & Clark
In 1998, James F. Lewis, a deckhand aboard the M/V Karen Michelle owned by Lewis & Clark Marine, Inc., claimed that he was injured when he tripped over a wire on the boat. Lewis then sued Lewis & Clark in Illinois County Court, for personal injuries claiming negligence under the Jones Act. Lewis & Clark had already filed a complaint for exoneration from, or limitation of, liability in the District Court under the Limitation of Liability Act -
William Lloyd Garrison
William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of the anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator and founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society, was one of the most fiery and outspoken abolitionists of the Civil War period.In 1840, Garrison's views precipitated a split in the Anti-Slavery Society between the minority who supported his radical beliefs and the majority who disapproved of his views regarding religion, government, and the participation of women in the struggle for emancipation. -
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Presidency of James Madison
The main event during Madison's presidency was the War of 1812. This started because France and Britain were at war. Madison did not want to enter the war, but Britain was seizing US trade ships, and he finally felt he had no choice. In 1812 he asked congress to declare war on Britain. -
April 30, 1812 Admitted of Union: Louisiana
Louisiana is named after King Louis XIV.
The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway is 24 miles long, making it the longest bridge over water in the world.
Gueydan, Louisiana is called the 'Duck Capital of America'. It MUST be a cool place!
New Orleans is known as the Jazz Capital of the world.
Louisiana was part of the Louisiana Territory that the US bought from France in 1803 for $15 million.
The pelican almost became extinct in the 'Pelican State' due to pollution. It is back now due to conservation eff -
War of 1812
War of 1812
1812-1815
US vs. Ireland and Great Britain
Military stalemate -
Dec.11, 1816 Admitted of Union: Indiana
The Indianapolis 500 Car Race is the biggest sporting event in the world.
Holiday World, in Santa Claus, Indiana, is said to be the world's first theme park.
Indiana makes more popcorn than any other US state.
The Indiana State Flag has 19 stars. The 19th star stands for Indiana being the 19th state admitted into the Union.
Indiana has the nickname the Hoosier State, but no one is quite sure where the name Hoosier came from.
Abraham Lincoln grew up in Spencer County, Indiana. -
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Presidency of James Monroe
During Monroe's presidency five new states were admitted into the country. These included Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, and Missouri. Monroe also further added to the growth expansion of the United States by buying the territory of Florida from Spain. -
Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass - United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895) -
Dec.10, 1817 Admitted of Union: Mississippi
Mississippi means 'great river' in the Algonquian language.
Square Dancing is the Mississippi State Dance.
The first woman federal judge was Burnita Matthews of Mississippi.
You can visit the birthplace of Elvis Presley in Tupelo, Mississippi.
Schoolchildren voted the magnolia to become the state flower in 1900 and the state tree in 1935.
Root Beer was invented in 1898 in Biloxi.
The first human lung transplant and heart transplant were performed at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. -
Dec.3, 1818 Admitted of Union: Illinois
The Willis Tower (Sears Tower) in Chicago, Illinois is the tallest building in the United States.
Chicago is the third largest city in the United States.
The headquarters of McDonald's is located in Oak Brook, Illinois.
The state dance of Illinois is Square Dancing.
On Saint Patrick's Day the Chicago River is dyed green.
Famous people born in Illinois include Walt Disney, Harrison Ford, Ernest Hemmingway, and President Ronald Reagan. -
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward
In 1816, the New Hampshire government tried to change Dartmouth College-- a privately paid-for institution--into a state university. The government changed the school's (related to big business) charter by moving (from one place to another) the control of trustee appointments to the governor. In an attempt to regain authority over the useful things/valuable supplies of Dartmouth College, the old trustees sued against William H. Woodward, who sided with the new appointees. -
McCullough vs. Maryland
Chief Justice John Marshall wrote the opinion for this hugely important case defining the powers of a state over the federal government.is one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. The “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to put together a national bank. -
Transcontinental Treaty (1819)
Transcontinental Treaty, also called Adams-Onís Treaty or Purchase of Florida, ( 1819) Transcontinental Treaty of 1819, settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain. The treaty was the result of increasing tensions between the U.S. and Spain regarding territorial rights at a time of weakened Spanish power in the New World. -
Dec.14, 1819 Admitted of Union: Alabama
Huntsville, Al is the home to Space Camp and the world's biggest Space museum.
Montgomery, Al was the capital of the Confederate States.
George Washington Carver lived in Alabama when he came up with peanut butter.
The Wright brothers started the first flight school in Alabama.
Fort Payne makes over 70 million pairs of socks a year. It's called the sock capital of the world.
The first electric trolley was introduced in Montgomery in 1886.
Baseball players Hank Aaron and Willie Mays were both bor -
Missouri Comprimise
The Missouri Agreement (where everyone meets in the middle) was a federal law in the United States that controlled slavery in the country's western (land areas owned or controlled by someone). The agreement (where everyone meets in the middle), figured out by Henry Clay, was agreed to by the pro-slavery and (fighting against slavery) groups of (fighting) people in the United States Congress and passed as a law in 1820. -
Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad
Harriet Tubman is perhaps the most well-known of all the Underground Railroad's "conductors." During a ten-year span she made 19 trips into the South and escorted over 300 slaves to freedom. And, as she once proudly pointed out to Frederick Douglass, in all of her journeys she "never lost a single passenger."By 1856, Tubman's capture would have brought a $40,000 reward from the South. On one occasion, she overheard some men reading her wanted poster, which stated that she was illiterate. -
Susan B. Anthony
Susan B. Anthony(1820-1906) is perhaps the most widely known suffragist of her generation and has become an icon of the woman's suffrage movement. -
March 15, 1820 Admitted of Union: Maine
When people say 'bugs' in Maine they are often referring to lobsters.
Acadia National Park is the second most visited National Park in the United States.
Maine has over 3,000 miles of coastline. This is actually more than California!
Maine has over 2,000 islands and 6,000 lakes and ponds.
Maine is the only state with a single syllable name. It is also the only state that shares exactly one border with another state.
The state has 17 million acres of forest and is the leading producer of toothpic -
Aug. 10, 1821 Admitted of Union: Missouri
Missouri was the eastern starting point for the Pony Express.
Branson, Missouri is famous for its country music shows.
The Gateway Arch in St. Louis has an elevator in it that goes to the top of the 630 foot arch.
Missouri has thousands of caves earning it the nickname of the 'Cave State'.
The ice cream cone was invented at the World's Fair in St. Louis when an ice cream vendor ran out of cups and tried to use waffles instead.
The first successful parachute jump from an airplane was made in St. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was first set out in a speech by President James Monroe. The main message of the Monroe doctrine was that European powers could no longer interfere with (or attempt to colonize) the newly independent states of the Americas (it was produced in 1823). It was directed toward all European nations, but especially at Great Britain that Spain (as the US was concerned that Great Britain that Spain would attempt to restore its influence over Spain's former colonies). -
Gibbons vs. Ogdens
A New York state law gave to people the exclusive right to operate steamboats on waters within state legal control. Laws like this one were copyd in other places which led to friction as some states would require foreign (out-of-state) boats to pay big fees for (driving or flying a vehicle to somewhere/figuring out how to get somewhere) privileges. In this case Thomas Gibbons -- a steamboat owner who did business between New York and New Jersey under a federal coastal license -- -
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Presidency of John Quincy
Adams' presidency was somewhat uneventful. He tried to get a law passed to raise tariffs and help American businesses, but the Southern states were against it. The law never passed. He also tried to set up a national transportation system of roads and canals. However, this too failed in congress. -
Sojourner Truth
Sojourner Truth was an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. 1863 -
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Presidency of Andrew Jackson
Jackson first ran for president in 1824. He lost the election to John Quincy Adams despite receiving more votes in the election. This was because no candidate received a majority of votes, leaving Congress to decide who would be president. They chose Adams.In 1828 Jackson ran again. This time he won the election, despite his opponents attacking him in many personal ways including attacks on his wife, Rachel. -
Abolitionist Movement
1830-1839
The (person who tried to end slavery) movement in the United States of America was an effort to end slavery in a nation that valued personal freedom and believed "all men are created equal." Over time, (people who tried to end slavery) grew more harsh in their demands, and slave owners dug in/established in response, fueling (related to a large area) (state of arguing with each other) that (in the end) led to the American Civil War.
Theodore Weld
William Lloyd Garrison -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Nat Turner's Fighting against authority (also known as the Southampton Huge riot) was a slave fighting against authority that happened in Southampton County, Virginia, during August 1831. Led by Nat Turner, rebel slaves killed anywhere from 55 to 65 people, the highest number of deaths caused by any slave violent effort by a group of people in the American South. -
June 15, 1836
The state flag has 25 stars on it to symbolize Arkansas becoming the 25th state.
Arkansas is the only US State that produces diamonds.
The state is known for its beautiful lakes, rivers, and hot springs. It has over 600,000 acres of lakes.
The Arkansas state musical instrument is the fiddle.
The state ranks number 1 in rice and poultry production.
The headquarters of Wal-Mart is in Bentonville. It was founded by Sam Walton.
It is pronounced 'Arkansaw'. It is against the law to say it wrong. -
Jan. 26, 1837 Admitted of Union: Michigan
Michigan borders four of the five Great Lakes.
It has over 10,000 lakes and the longest freshwater shoreline in the world.
The Mackinac Bridge connects Michigan's Upper and Lower Peninsulas.
Lake Michigan is the only Great Lake that is entirely within the United States.
Sometimes Michigan is called the Wolverine State.
Detroit is the car capital of the world with General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford. It is often called Motor Town or Motown. -
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Presidency of Martian Van Burren
Andrew Jackson supported Van Buren for president after deciding not to run for a third term. Van Buren won the election of 1836 becoming the 8th president of the United States. -
Manifest Destiny
the 19th-century idea/belief or belief that the (act of something getting bigger, wider, etc.) of the US throughout the American continents was both gave a good reason for and unavoidable.
Clear/understandable/show Pre-planned future is a term for the attitude common during the 19th century period of American (act of something getting bigger, wider, etc.) that the United States not only could, but was (already decided beforehand to happen) to, stretch from coast to coast. This attitude helped fu -
Horace Mann’s Campaign for Free Compulsory Public Education
The zeal with which Mann executed his plan for free schools was in keeping with the intellectual climate of Boston in the early days of the republic. -
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Presidency of William H. Harrison
Harrison died 32 days after being inaugurated as president. This is the shortest time anyone has been president. He gave a long (well over an hour!) speech while standing in the cold rain during his inauguration. He didn't wear a coat or wear a hat. He caught a bad cold which turned into pneumonia. He never recovered and died a month later. -
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Presidency of John Tyler
Tyler was a strong proponent of states' rights. This meant that he thought state governments should have more power and the federal government less power. States should be able to set their own laws without the federal government interfering. His policies regarding states' rights caused a further riff and separation between the northern and southern states. This likely had some influence and helped to cause the Civil War. -
March 3, 1845 Admitted of Union: Flordia
You can see the Space Shuttle launch from Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Ponce de Leon was hoping to find the Fountain of Youth when exploring in Florida.
St. Augustine, Florida was founded in 1565 and is the oldest permanent city in the United States.
Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida is the number one tourist destination in the world.
Florida is sometimes called the Alligator State because of all the alligators that live there. Also, the University of Florida's mascot is -
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Presidency of James Polk
When Polk became president, his main goal was to expand the borders of the United States all the way to the Pacific Ocean. He also wanted to settle border disputes with Great Britain regarding the Oregon Territory. -
Dec.29, 1845 Admitted of Union: Texas
The name Texas comes from the word 'tejas' meaning 'friends' or 'allies'.
Austin, Texas is called the 'Live Music Capital of the World'.
The King Ranch in Texas is bigger than the state of Rhode Island.
Bracken cave has the single largest concentration of mammals in the world with a population of over 20 million bats!
The name the Lone Star State comes from the single star on the Texas flag. It symbolized Texas' struggle for independence. -
Mexican-American War
Between 1846 and 1848, a war fought between two North American nations, the United States and Mexico, did what most wars do- it began with a bullet, it took lives, it ended with an agreement, And it made its mark on history's timeline. The Mexican-American War, also known as the Mexican War, the U.S.-Mexican War or the (sudden, unwanted entry into a place) of Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States and the Centralist Republic of Mexico from 1846 to 1848. -
Dec.28, 1846 Admitted of Union: Iowa
The Hawkeye State nickname comes from the Iowan Native American, Chief Black Hawk.
Iowa played a key role in the Underground Railroad that rescued slaves from the South.
In 1907 Fred Maytag invented the clothes washing machine in Newton, Iowa.
Iowa produces 10% of the United States food supply.
The eastern and western borders of Iowa are entirely made of water. The Mississippi River forms the border to the east and the Missouri River to the west. -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
A (person who works to improve something) and (related to feeling that women and men must be treated equally) who joined with Lucretia Mott in issuing the call for the first women's rights convention in America, which was held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Stanton later worked in close partnership with Susan B. Anthony for women's right to vote. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition -
May 26, 1848 Admitted of Union: Wisconsin
The first house in the US to be wired for electricity was in Appleton, Wisconsin.
The largest city in Wisconsin is Milwaukee.
Summerfest, held in Milwaukee, is one of the worlds largest outdoor music festivals.
Sheboygan, Wisconsin is dubbed the 'Bratwurst Capital of the World'.
Wisconsin gets its name from its river. It means 'red stone river'. -
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Presidency of Zachary Taylor
Despite having little to do with politics throughout his military career, Taylor ran for president in the 1848 elections. He was nominated by the Whig party. Southerners voted for Taylor because he was a fellow slave owner. Northerners voted for him because he was a war hero. -
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Presidency of Millard Fillmore
President Taylor and Milliard Fillmore had very different ideas about slavery and how the North vs. South issues should be handled. Taylor was adamant that the Union remain united. He even threatened the South with war. Fillmore, however, wanted peace above all else. He wanted to find a compromise. -
Sept. 9, 1850 Admitted of Union: California
California is home to the highest point (Mt. Whitney) and the lowest point (Death Valley) in the continental United States.
California is home to many tourist attractions including Disneyland, the San Diego Zoo, Lego Land, and Yosemite National Park.
You can drive through a giant Redwood tree in California's Kings Canyon.
California is home to Silicon Valley, the home to many of the top US technology companies.
The annual arm wrestling championship is held in Petaluma in October. -
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Presidency of Franklin Pierce
Pierce is widely considered one of the least effective presidents of the United States. This is largely because he helped reopen the slavery issue with the Kansas-Nebraska Act. -
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Presidency of James Buchanan
In 1856 Buchanan was nominated by the Democratic Party for president. He was likely chosen because he had been out of the country during the Kansas-Nebraska debate on slavery. As a result, he had not been forced to choose sides on the issue and make enemies. -
Dred Scott vs. Sanford
The Supreme Court decision Dred Scott v. Sandford was issued on March 6, 1857. Delivered by Chief Justice Roger Taney, this opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts. In addition, this decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. The Dred Scott decision was overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution. -
May 11, 1858 Admitted of Union: Minnesota
The Mayo Clinic, one of the worlds largest health facilities, is located in Rochester, Minnesota.
The Tonka truck comes from Minnetonka, Minnesota.
Minneapolis has a skyway system connecting buildings which allows you to go all over town without ever going outside. Good news for snowy winters!
Another nickname for the state is the Land of 10,000 Lakes. There are so many rivers and lakes that 1 out of 6 Minnesotans owns a boat. -
February 14, 1859
Oregon does not have self-serve gas stations. You must pay for someone to pump your gas.
At 1949 feet deep, Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States.
The Oregon state flag has a beaver on the back. It is the only US state flag with a different image on the reverse side.
The University of Oregon mascot is a duck. Go Ducks! -
John Brown and the armed resistance
On October 16, 1859, John Brown led a small army of 18 men into the small town of HARPER'S FERRY, Virginia. His plan was to start (trouble) a major slave fighting against authority in the South. He would grab and take control of the arms and bullets in the federal storehouse of weapons, arm slaves in the area and move south along the (Eastern U.S. mountains) Mountains, attracting slaves to his cause. He had no limited portions. He had no escape route. His plan was doomed from the very beginning. -
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Presidency of Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln won the 1860 election and was inaugurated as president in March of 1861. The southern states did not want Lincoln to be president. They did not agree with his policies. Before he was officially in office, they began to secede (leave the country). The first state to leave was South Carolina, but soon six more states followed and together they formed a new country called the Confederacy. This all happened after Lincoln won the election, but before he took the oath of office. -
Seneca Falls Resolution
Under the leadership of Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a convention for the rights of women was held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. It was attended by between 200 and 300 people, both women and men. Its first (or most important) goal was to discuss the rights of women--how to gain these rights for all, especially in the (world of politics).
