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The Erosion of Sovereignty
In 1786 the first reservation for American Indians was established in the United States. Policies during this time peroid incoporportated ideas of removal, placement on reservations, creation of boarding schools, restrictions on religious freddom and cultural practices, allotment, and US citizenship was granted to the American Indian population, forced removal of American Indian children. -
Indian Removal Act of 1830
President Andrew Jackson signed this act to granted lands to the west of the Mississippi River to the American Indians, so that the federal government could move into the Indian lands. -
Worcester vs. Georgia
In 1832, the US Supreme Court case Worcester vs. Georgia, granted sovereignty to reservation land. This meant that reservations govern themselves. States were excluded from regulating or taxing reservations. States did not have aurthority over tribes. -
Trail of Tears
President Jackson sent troops to remvoe approximately 17,000 Cherokee who refused to move from their land. Many American Indians were imprisoned and the remaining were forced to march 800 miles to new land. -
Indian Appropriations Act
The Indian Appropriations Act made it so that no tribe would be recognized as an independent nation. The Federal Government would no longer have to negotiate with tribes to create treaties and could implement policies without discussion with the tribes. American Indians became wards of the state. -
Carlisle Indian School
The Carlisle Indian school was one of many residential boarding schools that Indian children were forced to attend. The goal was to assimilate Indian children into "white culture" by promoting Christanity, English, and restriction on traditional cultural practice. Many of the American Indian children that attended the boarding schools experienced physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Date above not exact date-year is correct. Exact date is unknown -
Indian Reigious Crimes Code
This policy banned American Indians from practicing their cultural beliefs and traditions. The point of this policy was for the assimiliation of the American Indian population into Westernized "white" culture. listed date is not actual date, only the year is correct -
Dawes Act
The Dawes Act was signed by President Clevland. This policy divided reservation land into indidivudal plots. Families who were American Indian were allocated a certain plot of land. The remaining land that did not get allocated (in the original reservation) was sold to non-Indian individuals and families. The American Indian reservations lost 134 million acreas from this policy. -
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Shift in Federal Policy and Meriam Report
In 1934 the Indian Reorganization Act (Indian New Deal) was passed. The goal of this policy was to preserve Indigenous ways of life.
The Meriam Report of 1928 was a major part of this movement. This report documented the disparities in health, education, nutrition, and economic opportunity.
During this time peroid, the allotment policy ended and the right of sovereignty and self-governance was again granted. -
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Relocation and Termination- 1950's and 1960's
In the 1950's, assmiliation returned to again become the societal view of American Indians. The relocation program's goal was to move American Indian people from reservations into cities. This promoted assimilation and was designed to remove the American Indian population from poverty. But, in the cities there was little support for the American Indians that were moved and many could only find low-wage, unstable jobs. Another idea in this time peroid was to end the existance of reservations. -
Indian Health Service (IHS)
The Indian Health Service (IHS) was created 1955 to “provide services and improve the health of Native Americans” (Weaver, p.16). This service provides 1.5 million people access to health care services. Past treaties promised physicians and medical supplies to tribes, but this was not fulfilled, thus created the IHS. -
Indian Activism and Self-Determination
The termination of reservation was no longer in effect in the 1060's due to the high levels of poverty. This time peroid focused on policies that would increase self-determination within tribes. There were several important polices implemented, such as the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, ICWA, and the Indian Health Service. -
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act
The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act allowed tribes to manage their own health-care services. This ties into the Indian Health Services act. -
The Indian Child Welfare Act
The Indian Child Welfare Act, which was implemented to “promote stability and security of Native family life…so tribal communities can regulate their own child welfare issues” (Weaver, p.15). American Indian tribes have the right to govern their own affairs and gives jurisdiction to the tribes in judicial matters regarding child’s placement when an American Indian family is involved in the child protection system. -
NASW Code of Ethics revisation 1980's
The National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics was revised to add a section on cultural competency when working with clients of other cultures and practices. The section stated "a social worker should understand culture and its foundation in human behavior and soceity, recognizing strengths that exist in all cultures." exact date not known, year is correct
