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Supreme Court Milestones
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• Creation of the Supreme CourtArticle 3 of the Constitution of the United States
Article III SUPREME COURT"The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office."
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Marbury v. Madison
Jefferson wanted to block his Federalists' appointments & told Madison to not deliver the commissions to the Federalists judges. Marbury sued for commission. At the Supreme Court, Marshall said Marbury could commission according to the Judiciary Act of 1789 but also said this Act was unconstitutional so the commission wasn't given. Instead of giving the Federalists a gain, he made judicial review. Now, the Supreme Court has the power to decide if the Act is constitutional or not. -
Fletcher v. Peck
Land fraud in Georgia, Marshall concluded that the state coudn't pass legislation invalidating a contract. This marked the first time the Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional and invalid. -
John Jay
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Dartmouth College v. Woodward
New Hampshire, changed the college to a public college. Marshall shot down the state law and called it unconstitutional by saying a private school can't be altered by the state. -
McCollough v. Maryland
In Maryland, trying to make a bank, though there was nothing about that in the Constitution. They wanted to tax on the bank. Marshall said the federal government had the implied power to make a bank. This is important b/c the power to tax is the power to destroy and federal laws became more important than state laws. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
New York was trying to give a monopoly to a steamboat company but this interfered with actions of Congress. Marshall ruled this to be unconstitutional. Significance- it established federal govt.'s broad control of interstate commerce. -
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
US Supreme Court, Cherokees wanted a federal order against Georgia's laws that were passed that limited their rights. Sig- The Supreme Court didn't hear the case on its merits -
Worcester v. Georgia
Cherokees were mad b/c G resided in the boundary of the Cherokee nation w/out a license and w/out taking the oath to support & defend the cons. & laws of the state of Georgia sig- Favor of Worcester overturning his lower court conviction for living on Cherokee Nation lands without a state of Georgia permit. & 3rd key decision by John Marshall since 1823 est. the political standing of Indian tribes w/in the US. -
John Marshall
Head of Supreme Court, made many executive desicionson cases.. Longest-serving Chief Justice of the US, played an imp. part in the dev. of the American legal system. Also reinforced the principle that federal courts are obligated to exercise judicial review -
Commonwealth v. Hunt
Says labor unions were lawful organizations. Supreme Court now says that unions are legal & other states slowly start to agree. Sig- Peaceful unions could have labor contracts with employers. -
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Dred Scott was a slave who was brought into free Territory. The Supreme Court said slaves were property and were not protected by the Constitution. It also said the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
