-
Period: to
Supreme Court cases
-
Creation of Supreme Court
Judiciary Act of 1789, Supreme Court and the federal judiciary. 13 district & 3 circuit courts
Article 3 of Constitution
to interpret laws
Significance- our nation's judiciary system is created -
John Jay
to 1795
The first Chief Justice
New York native
former president of the Continental Congress
appointed by George Washington
nominated for second term by John Adams, but declined
significance: our natiion's first cheif justice of the supreme court -
John Marshall
Marbury v. Madison case over judicial review
nominated by Adams
logest serving Chief Justice
significance: made Supreme Court equal branch of gov.-- enfocring judicial review -
Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court's power as interpreter of Constiution and doctrine of judicial review
William Marbury appointed by Adams to justice of peace... never fully appointed
significance: checks & balances -
Fletcher v. Peck
disagreements between John Peck and Robert Fletcher
Supreme Court ruled repeal of the laws was unconstitutional
significance: contract clause (states could not nullify private contracts), 1st time Supreme Court overturned state law -
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
president of college removed by trustees, going to be forced to become public institution
application of contract clause
ruled in favor of college, allowed to remain private -
McCollough v. Maryland
James McChollough (head of Second Bank of US in Mayland) refused to pay tax imposed by Mayland on all banks not chartered by their legislature. Supreme court ruled mayland's laws interfered with Congress
significance: Congress has "implied powers" from constition -
Gibbons v. Ogden
Ogden was permitted steamboat monopoly by NY, then sued for others infringing. Surpreme Court found NY did not have power to regulate interstate commerce
significance: commerce clause interpreted -
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
Cherokee seeking out rights in Georgia that deprived Cherokee of going within Georgia boundaries
Supreme Court heard case but did not rule because of relationship with cherokee... seen as independent
significance: Trail of Tears -
Worcester v. Georgia
Samuel Worcester not convicted because law prohibiting non-Indians onto Indian land was ruled unconstitutional
significance: tribal sovereignty, Treaty of New Echota -> Trail of Tears -
Commonwealth v. Hunt
whether it was criminal conspriacy to form labor unions
significance: unions were legal and had right to strike, legitimized trade unions... legalized american labor union movement -
Dread Scott v. Sanford
Dred Scott, slave from Missouri, moved to Illinois (free). Returned to Missouri & sued for freedom "no one of African descent could be US citizen"
ruled in favor of Sanford
significance: lasting implications for African descent in society
