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Article 3 - Constitution of the United States
Article 3
The third article in the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the country's governement. The Judicial Branch of the United States is made up of the Supreme Court of the U.S. and the lower courts that are made by the Congress. This is important for the United States because deciding the different levels of government helps decide the laws and that is important in our country. -
John Jay
John Jay is known for the John Jay Treaty of 1794. George Washington sent this man to Britain to talk to them about the offensive practice of searching and taking American ships and impressing seamen into the British navy. This was important in the history of the United States because without this treaty, the United States would not be at peace at that time. -
John Marshall
John MarshallIn 1801, John Marshall was appointed as teh Chief Justice of the United States. This is significant in history because Marshall was very confident in his opinions about "constructive treason." He did not like it at all, and now treason is the only crime that is even mentioned in the Constitution of the United States. -
Marbury v. Madison
In the case, Marbury v. Madison, William Marbury sued for commission after he did not gain a role upon taking office. Marshall said that Marbury had a right to his commission acording to the Judiciary Act of 1789, but that was unconstitutional. So, this case was important in history because the Supreme Court had the power to decide whether an act of Congress or of the president was or was not allowed by the Constitution. Now, the Supreme Court had the official rule. -
Fletcher v. Peck
In this case, there was land fraud in Georgia. Marshall changed a state law about contracts of Georgia. Marshall said that a state could not pass legislation invalidating a contract. This was the first time that the Supreme Court made a state law invalid. -
Dartmouth Colege v. Woodward
Dartmouth College is a college in the state of New Hampshire. There was a case that incvolved changing the college from a private school to a public school. The Marshall Court threw away the state law and called it unconstitutional. He said that the contract for a private school/college could not be made by the state. -
McCollouch v. Maryland
In this case, there was an argument whether or not Maryland had the right to tax the second bank of the United States in America. Marshall ruled that only the frederal government had the power to create the bank. This is important becuase it explains how all federal laws are supreme over state laws. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
In this case, New York wanted to grant a monopoly to a steamboat company if it conflicted with a charter made by the Congress. Marshall ruled that the grant was unconstitutional. This was important because this established that the federal government's broad control of interstate commerce. -
Cherokee Nation vs, Georgia
A case in Georgia about the removal of the Cherokee's from that land. Also, that the Supreme Court uses its constitutional powers to settle the arguments between states and foreign nations. -
Worcester vs. Georgia
The Cherokee Nation didnt want the Georgian government to pass any laws through the Cherokee's that lived in Georgia because their laws went through the countrie's government. -
Commonwealth vs. Hunt
Held in Massachusetts. The Supreme Court ruled that the common-law doctrine of criminal conspiracy didn't apply to labor unions. -
Dred Scott vs. Sanford
The Supreme Court declared that all blacks could never become citizens of the United States. They also said that the 1820 Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, meaning that slavery was permitted in the countries territories. -
Golan et al v. Holder et al
Did Congress exceed its powers in 1994 when it restored copyright protection to a large body of foreign works that were in the public domain? This case is being argued by the Associate Deputy Attorney General by Obama. He is arguing that courts can be held liable for copyright infringement. This is important because it could change the grounds of the laws of the first amendment that have to do with the freedom of expressions.
