-
Marbury Vs Madison
William Marbury, was designated as a justice of the peace in the District of Columbia. Marbury and several others were appointed to government posts created by Congress in the last days of John Adams's presidency, but these last-minute appointments were never fully finalized. The disgruntled appointees invoked an act of Congress and sued for their jobs in the Supreme Court 6 votes for Madison, 0 votes against -
McCulloch vs. Maryland
Congress chartered The Second Bank of the United States. In 1818, the state of Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on the bank. James W. McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to pay the tax. 7 votes for McCulloch, 0 votes against -
Brown vs. Board Of Education
Black children were denied admission to public schools attended by white children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to the races. The white and black schools approached equality in terms of buildings, curricula, qualifications, and teacher salaries. This case was decided together with Briggs v. Elliott and Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County.9 votes for Brown, 0 votes against. -
Cooper vs. Aaron
The Governor and the Legislature of Arkansas openly resisted the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education. They refused to obey court orders designed to implement school desegregation. Local officials delayed plans to do away with segregated public facilities.9 votes for Aaron, 0 votes against -
Mapp Vs. Ohio
The police searched her house with out a warrent or her permission. They found nothing but pornographic pictures and had her arrested. The court decided that it was wrong because you NEED the persons permission OR a warrent. -
Engel vs. Vitale
Students in schools in New York were required to recite a prayer every day. Some of the parents were angered because they had different beliefs. They took it to court, and it was decided that they could not force any kind of religion in schools. -
Gideon Vs. Wainwright
Gideon was charged in a Florida state court with a felony for breaking and entering. He lacked funds and was unable to hire a lawyer to prepare his defense. When he requested the court to appoint an attorney for him, the court refused, stating that it was only obligated to appoint counsel to indigent defendants in capital cases. Gideon defended himself in the trial; he was convicted by a jury and the court sentenced him to five years in a state prison 9 votes for Gideon, 0 votes against -
Miranda Vs. Arizona
The Court held that prosecutors couldn't use statements stemming from custodial interrogation of defendants unless they show the use of procedural safeguards "effective to secure the privilege against self- incrimination." The Court noted that "the modern practice of in-custody interrogation is psychologically rather than physically oriented" and "the blood of the accused is not the only hallmark of an unconstitutional inquisition." people now must be read their miranda rights.5 votes 4 against -
Tinker Vs. Des Moines
Students wore black arm bands to school. the black arm bands were to protest about what's going on in vietnam. The school didn't like it and tried to ban it. -
U.S. Vs. Nixon
A grand jury returned indictments against seven of President Richard Nixon's closest aides in the Watergate affair. The special prosecutor appointed by Nixon and the defendants sought audio tapes of conversations recorded by Nixon in the Oval Office. Nixon asserted that he was immune from the subpoena claiming "executive privilege," which is the right to withhold information from other government branches to preserve confidential communications within the executive branch or to secure the nation -
Goss Vs. Lopez
Nine students at two high schools and one junior high school in Columbus, Ohio, were given 10-day suspensions from school. The principals did not hold hearings for the affected students before ordering the suspensions, and Ohio law did not require them to do so. The principals' actions were challenged, and a federal court found that the students' rights had been violated. The case was appealed to Supreme Court. 5 votes for Lopez, 4 votes against. Lopez won. -
New Jersey Vs. TLO
T.L.O. was a fourteen-year-old; she was accused of smoking in the girls' bathroom of her high school. A principal at the school questioned her and searched her purse, yielding a bag of marijuana and other drugs. The rolling papers in the purse gave rise to a reasonable suspicion in the principal's mind that she may have been carrying drugs, thus, justifying a more thorough search of the purse. 6 votes for New Jersey, 3 votes against. -
Irving ISD vs. Tatro
Parents want their child to go to school, but she has this birth defect called Spina Bifida. This causes her to have no control of her bladder, which is why she needs a catheter. The school did not want to deal with changing the catheter, so she wasn't able to go to school. the parents sued, the court announced that the school MUST allow her to attend school, AND help her with her catheter. This case made it possible for more kids to get education. -
Bethel School District #43 Vs. Fraser
Young man gives speach at school. The speach contained profane language and explicit sexual metephores. School suspends student. Parents get mad and took the school to court and said that they violated their son's rights. 1st, freedom of speech. 14th, Due process clause. The court announced that none of the student's rights were taken. Because of this, students now do not have ALL rights as soon as you step into the school. -
Terry Vs. Ohio
Terry and two other men were observed by a plain clothes policeman in what the officer believed to be "casing a job, a stick-up." The officer stopped and frisked the three men, and found weapons on two of them. Terry was convicted of carrying a concealed weapon and sentenced to three years in jail 8 votes for Ohio, 1 votes against -
Hazlewood Vs. Kuhlmeier
The Spectrum, the school-sponsored newspaper of Hazelwood East High School, was written and edited by students. In May 1983, Robert E. Reynolds, the school principal, received the pages proofs for the May 13 issue. Reynolds found two of the articles to be inappropriate, and ordered that the pages on which the articles appeared be withheld from publication. Cathy Kuhlmeier and two former Hazelwood East students brought the case to court.5 votes for Hazelwood School District, 3 votes against. -
Texas Vs. Johnson
In 1984, in front of the Dallas City Hall, Gregory Lee Johnson burned an American flag as a means of protest against Reagan administration policies. Johnson was tried and convicted under a Texas law outlawing flag desecration. He was sentenced to one year in jail and assessed a $2,000 fine. After the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals reversed the conviction, the case went to the Supreme Court -
Santa Fe ISD vs. Doe
Before each football game, they would give a prayer over the intercom in the school. People of different religion we're offended and pressed charges. We are no longer aloud to pray together or teach anyone of any kind of religion.
